The development of human civilization is related to the constant change of economic formations, and the current social and economic situation is determined by such concepts as Society 5.0, Fourth, and Fifth Industrial Revolutions (FIR, FiIR). The paper aims to estimate the change of human role in each economic formation caused by industrial revolutions. A structured review methodology with a focus on biological, labor, and personal entity of human within the industrial revolutions is used. The description of the changes between the biological, labor, and personality entities of human in various socio-economic formations is discussed. The human as a biological entity is not changed in the first four industrial revolutions, while the FiIR tries to change the biological entity through augmenting the physical capacity. The human as a labor entity is not changed in the first three industrial formations, while the FIR tries to replace the majority of physical human jobs and opens the gate for creative economy and decisions-making. The direct labor participation is minimized within FIR since the economic systems move to the transition to the dominant role of cyber-physical systems. The personal human development is triggered within the FiIR, since informational diversity in economic systems is actualized, and conditions for creative jobs within the creative economy are formed. The biological, labor, and personality entities of human are sequentially actualized within the economic formation caused by industrial revolutions.
The disruptive technologies and cyber-physical production systems are important factors that bring transformations to socio-economic formations. The paper aims to formulate the content, key directions, positive and negative effects of additive economy (AE) in the current transition phase to Industry 4.0. The research method is based on the analysis of structural links in socio-economic systems, where the additive economy potential is realized. The additive economy is treated as a new approach to production technological aspect based on the additive principle of manufacturing and aimed at minimizing the use of primary natural resources for dematerialization of social production. AE is the antithesis of the subtractive economy, which dominates today and uses only a tiny proportion of extracted natural resources. Among the positive effects of AE, there are the reduction in energy intensity of products, dematerialization of production, solidarity of society, economic systems sustainability, and intellectualization of technologies and materials. Among the negative expectations of AE, there are increased information vulnerability of production, risk of losing control over cyber-physical systems, expanding the unification of individuals, and increasing psychological stress. The additive economy is more sustainable than the subtractive economy since it does not require extra components to the production spheres, reduces the resource scarcity, and could satisfy more economic agents’ needs. Therefore, improved production efficiency due to AE promises economic growth acceleration, environmental burden and social risk reduction. Acknowledgment The publication was prepared in the framework of the research projects “Sustainable development and resource security: from disruptive technologies to digital transformation of Ukrainian economy” (№ 0121U100470); Fundamental bases of the phase transition to an additive economy: from disruptive technologies to institutional sociologization of decisions (No. 0121U109557).
The study’s relevance relates to the transformation of the human capital reproduction during the transition to a new socio-economic model and changes (digitalization, cyberization, customization, etc.) that are now taking place within Industries 4.0 and 5.0. The purpose of the study is to formulate the content and key directions of learning processes based on modeling and the formation of digital twins for the production and consumption of goods. The research method is based on the analysis of structural links in socio-economic systems, where the potential of human capital is realized. The study describes a trialectic model for the system development mechanism, which gives grounds to distinguish three types of essential components of implementing the specialists’ competencies (material, information, and communication). Based on the concept of “system of systems”, the necessity of multifunctional training of specialists for socio-economic systems is substantiated and shown on the list of personal knowledge/skills in the renewable energy sector. Recent trends in the reproduction of human capital, such as intellectualization, increased communication, internationalization, acquisition of skills, customization, and communication with consumers, are stated in line with Industries 4.0 and 5.0. The potential for future research is aimed at harmonizing relations between humans and cyber-physical systems, motivating the needs for self-development, and using disruptive technologies in the reproduction of human capital. AcknowledgmentThe publication contains the results of research of the European Commission grants “Jean Monnet Chair in EU Economic Policies and Civil Society” (619878-EPP-1-2020-1-UA-EPPJMO-CHAIR) and EU legislative, economic and social transition to sustainable society within Industry 4.0 and 5.0 (619997-EPP-1-2020-1-UA-EPPJMO-CHAIR).The paper is prepared within the scientific research projects “Sustainable development and resource security: from disruptive technologies to digital transformation of Ukrainian economy” (No. 0121U100470) and “Fundamentals of the phase transition to the additive economy: from disruptive technologies to institutional socialization of decisions” No. 0121U109557), funded by the general fund of the state budget of Ukraine.
The contemporary development of transport systems is characterized by an ecological, technical, social and economic contradictions. An acceptable global solution can be obtained by matching relevant criteria. This paper provides a synthesis of economic and organizational peculiarities on sustainable development to transport internationally, it reviews recent trends in this respect and applies international trends to Ukraine. Authors concluded that environmental pollution effects connected with transport system’s development providing additional costs in different spheres of society that gives the opportunity to assert on necessity of integration the research outcomes on green mobility in applied activity. This article summarizes the implemented transport project examples and analyzed their role in realizing sustainable development principles. The authors proved that all creating programs and projects in transport should be based on such interconnected principles: transport planning and localization of production and consumption; transition to more environmentally efficient transport; improving the technology and fuel. In addition it was suggested to include the transport greening principles in criteria’s of economic efficiency in transport. The strategies to reorient the Ukrainian transport industry towards resource-saving approaches are formulated. Substantiated that applying energy-efficient approaches in transport will result in socio-ecological and economic benefits, including ecological, social, public health, transport and urban components. The authors analyzed advantages and disadvantages of different kind of modern transport vehicles in the context of sustainable development principles realization that allows understanding which economic sectors and entrepreneurs should be involved in the process of transport greening creating the basis for public, private and foreign investment attraction. Keywords: transport system, sustainable development, transport greening promotion, effectiveness, benefits
The article reveals the content of 'green' (sustainable) economy and the role of the Third Industrial Revolution (T.i.r.) and generated innovations in its formation. The article analyzes regularities of the T.i.r. origin and the prerequisites for its implementation. The main types of innovation transitions are considered when forming a new type of economy. The directions for transformation of economic systems at different levels are studied. The EU experience is analyzed.Keywords: innovations, Third Industrial Revolution; renewable resources; 'green' (sustainable) economy; additive technologies; network. DOI: 10.21272/mmi.2017.4-23 Formulation of the problem. It is extremely important to see the logics of the events taking place when analyzing the behavior of economic systems. It helps making reasonable decisions, and if possible avoiding mistakes that could lead to negative consequences in the future. This research is devoted to the analysis of cause-effect relationships and the role of innovations in the process of 'green' (sustainable) economy formation and implementation of the Third industrial revolution.Unsolved problems. The Third industrial revolution (T.i.r.), which humanity is currently experiencing, was the reaction of human civilization to the inability to solve global environmental problems within the existing socio-economic formation. In scientific publications on this subject, mainly general questions of the T.i.r. are considered, that does not allow forming a systematic view of the cause-effect relationships and role of innovations that determine the T.i.r. phenomenon.Analysis of recent research and publications. The main problems of modern transformation processes in the economy are considered in studies [1; 11; 15; 25]. The development of the main innovative solutions of the Third Industrial Revolution is presented in [28; 37; 38]. The influence of basic innovative technological innovations on the economies of different countries is presented in [40; 43; 44; 46; 48].Objective. The article analyzes regularities of innovations origin that determine the events of the T.i.r. and its influence on the formation of economic systems at different levels.Research results. 1. The Legacy of the Second Industrial Revolution (S.i.r.). Apparently, people who lived at the turn of the 20 th and 21 st centuries could not even imagine that some hundred years ago their predecessors did 1 The article contains the results of research carried out in the framework of research № 0115U000684, № 0117U003260 Розділ 4 Проблеми управління інноваційним розвиткомМаркетинг і менеджмент інновацій, 2017, № 4 http://mmi.fem.sumdu.edu.ua/ 261 not enjoy electricity, communication (TV, radio, telephone), personal computer, cinema, modern modes of transport (car, airplane, metro) etc., so familiar to all of us at the end of the 20 th century. These and other important innovations of modern civilization were the result of the S.i.r. (Figure 1). Figure 1 -Technological and socio-economic heritage of The Second Industrial Revolution...
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