The viscosities of the industrial basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slag with varying compositions of MgO, Al2O3, TiO2, and MnO were continuously measured at a temperature range between 1400 and 1700 °C using the rotating bob method. Three characteristic temperatures for the melting behavior of the BOF slag were investigated using a high-temperature microscope. The solid fraction of the slag was calculated by FactSage 7.2 using the FTOxid database. General observations from the experimental data show that the increase in MgO tends to increase viscosity. However, Al2O3, TiO2, and MnO decrease viscosity up to a certain level, and beyond that, they also increase the viscosity. The measured values of the viscosity of BOF slags were compared and discussed with known data from the literature. Finally, the activation energy of BOF slags with different compositions of MgO, Al2O3, TiO2, and MnO was calculated in the temperature range of industrial operations.

The phosphorus partition between the unkilled liquid crude steel and the high basicity (CaO/SiO2 = 4.2), basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slags with varying compositions of Al2O3, TiO2, and MnO is studied at temperatures 1600 and 1650 °C. The tests are conducted in both “slag‐to‐metal” and “metal‐to‐slag” directions and for durations of 30 and 60 min. The measured results are compared with the values reported in literature and found to be in good agreement with some of them. It is found in the investigation of high‐basicity BOF slags, that Al2O3, MnO, and TiO2 lower the phosphorus partition. The phosphorus partition increases with increasing optical basicity. The phosphorus partition shows a maximum when the FeO content is in range of 25–30 mass%. The MgO content slightly increases the phosphorus partition.

Direct reduction of iron ore (DRI) is gaining an increased attention due to the growing need to decarbonize industrial processes. The current industrial DRI processes are performed using reformed natural gas, which results in CO2 emission, although it is less than carbothermic reduction in the blast furnace. Carbon‐free reduction may be realized through the utilization of green H2 as a reducing agent, in place of natural gas. Herein, the effects of various gas mixtures and temperature on the reduction kinetics of the hematite iron‐ore pellets are focused on in this work. Pellets are reduced at 700, 800, 850, and 900 °C in hydrogen and using various gas mixes at 850 °C. Morphology of the pellets is investigated with the help of scanning electron microscopy and mercury intrusion porosimetry. The effects of temperature and gas composition on the reduction kinetics and porosity of the pellets are discussed. A notable effect of reduction rate on the internal structure of the pellets is detected, slower reduction rate yielded bigger pores offsetting the gas composition. Higher temperature results in coarser pores and higher porosity. Increase of CO content in the gas mix also leads to bigger pore size.

The article is devoted to review the peculiarities of influence of culture of transit society on the process of corporate culture of economic organization.

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