Over the course of technological development, it is recommended to use more and more new modern methods to assess the time since death. However, most of them have practical limitations or show insufficient results that could ensure the most accurate assessment of the time since death in forensic medical practice. Aim of the work. To review modern scientific articles on the problem of establishing the time since death, to identify the most promising areas of work that can potentially be used in the daily work of practitioners. Conclusions. The analysis of scientific literature shows the relevance of the search and development of new modern methods of assessment of time since death, which could provide scientific validity, specificity and objectivity of the expert opinion.
This article analyzes modern scientific sources on the problems of detection of toxic substances in the human body, considers the existing methods of toxicological examination used in practical forensic medicine to establish and differentiate acute intoxications with various chemical compounds. Despite the presence of a large number of methods of toxicological analysis, forensic diagnosis of poisoning is often complicated due to lack of data on the circumstances of the event, clinical data of poisoning, pathognomonic signs of poisoning, the difficulty of interpreting the results. Conclusions. When interpreting the results of a toxicological study should always take into account the circumstances of the case and factors that may have influenced the change in the concentration of toxic substances. There is a need to develop and implement in practice forensic toxicology laboratories fundamentally new diagnostic approaches for the detection of toxic substances and the differentiation of types of poisoning.
Introduction: The article presents the current state of issues regarding the diagnosis of pathological conditions for forensic medical experts, in particular the study of normal muscle tissue and in the presence of hemorrhages. Particular attention is paid to biophysical research methods with evidence-based accuracy, objectivity, reproducibility, and rapid results. Objectives: The purpose of the research was to study the possibilities of using spectrophotopolyarimetric methods to analyze and determine the relationship of morphological structure of biological tissues with the temporal dynamics of changes in their optical parameters, to establish the possibility of differentiating necrotic changes and signs of damage by applying Mueller matrices of human muscle tissue samples. Results: During the study, we found a number of features and patterns of change in the properties of the laser beam as a result of passing through biological tissue. Polarization-correlation methods provide new, objective information about the dynamics of change in laser polarimetric imaging of morphological structure of biological tissues. By analyzing the statistical distributions of the ellipticity of polarization of laser images of normal human muscle tissue and in the presence of hemorrhages, the possibility of identifying the relationship between the development of statistically significant changes with increasing time of death and the possibility of differentiating them are considered. Conclusion: Based on these results, we can conclude that employing laser polarization methods will allow us to open new doors in the study of the biological tissues of the human body. The results showed the effectiveness of the studied methodology and the prospect of further research in this direction.
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