The article presents the results of research on the impact of three farming systems with different resource content – industrial, environmental, and organic, and four systems of basic tillage – plowing 20–22 cm, chisel plowing 20–22 cm, disking 10–12 cm and disking 6–8 cm on bulk density of typical chernozem and yield of spring wheat in the right-bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Given the results of research by scientists around the world, it is important to improve the agrophysical properties of soils, including their bulk density. According to the results of a three-year field experiment conducted in the field crop rotation of the experimental field of NULES of Ukraine, the increase in soil bulk density occurred gradually from the upper to lower layers and from the pre-sowing period to harvesting in all variants of farming and tillage systems. There was a significant decrease in the bulk density of the soil before sowing to 1.06 g/cm3 in 0–10 cm layer in environmental farming and up to 1.05 – organic. While in the control, this figure was 1.12 g/cm3. A similar trend was observed in the layers of 10–20 and 20–30 cm. On average, this decrease was 4.5 % for the environmental farming and 5.1 % for the organic farming. The advantage of these systems remained until the harvest of spring wheat. According to ANOVA the conservation tillage variants provided significantly lower parameters of the bulk density before sowing the crop in the upper – 0–10 cm layer of soil, compared to plowing. In the deeper layers of the soil – 10–20 and 20–30 cm, no significant differences between plowing and chisel plowing were found. Variants with disking led to a significant increase in the soil bulk density to 1.21 g/cm3 at a depth of 10–20 cm and 1.24–1.25 g/cm3 – 20–30 cm preserved until the harvest of the culture. The application of organic fertilizers in combination with the cultivation of green manure crops in crop rotation allows to limit the impact of minimizing the primary tillage on its bulk density. Regardless of the variant of soil tillage in environmental and organic farming, the bulk soil density on average over the years of research did not exceed 1.3 g/cm3, which indicates the important role of organic matter in improving the agrophysical parameters of chernozems.
Numerous studies by Ukrainian and foreign scientists have shown that one of the limiting factors for obtaining a stable yield of any crop is the reserves of available moisture in the soil, especially in critical periods of plant growth. The article presents the results of research on the impact of three farming systems – industrial (control), ecological and biological and four options for primary soil tillage – plowing by 20–22 cm (control), chiseling by 20–22 cm, disking by 10–12 cm, disking for 6–8 cm on the reserves of productive moisture in the soil for growing spring durum wheat. According to research, it is established that the highest moisture reserves in a meter of soil for the period of sowing wheat was obtained by combining the biological farming system and chisel tillage, which allowed to accumulate in 2018 – 199.1 mm, 2019 – 179.6 and 2020 – 159.9 mm of available moisture in the soil. The use of chisel tillage in combination with industrial and organic farming systems also provides an advantage in all years of observations over plowing combinations and both disking options with these systems. During the growing season, against the background of all studied agricultural systems, use of chiseling and disking provided the highest reserves of available moisture in the soil. However, the best option should be considered a combination of ecological farming system with chiseling by 20–22 cm, which provided for the flowering period in 2018 – 74.0 mm of moisture, 2019 – 93.7 and 2020 – 90.9 mm, and for the harvest period culture, these indicators were, respectively, 61.0, 67.7 and 61.6 mm. The grain yield of spring durum wheat in this variant was significantly the highest in the experiment and was, respectively, 4.6, 6.7 and 5.6 t/ha.
У статті стверджено, що комунікаційна активність підприємства визначається досягнутим рівнем конкурентоспроможності, що формується в ході розвитку його виробничого і маркетингового потенціалів, які взаємодіють і впливають на динаміку ринкової поведінки підприємства. Представлено модель формування ІМК на базі маркетингового аудиту, яка передбачає аналіз макро-і мікросередовища підприємства, потреб споживачів, які багато в чому визначаються попитом на ринку, неупереджену оцінку внутрішніх можливостей підприємства з метою об'єктивного бачення перспектив розвитку, які покладені в основу розробленої стратегії. Запропоновано для організації стабільного і узгодженого функціонування маркетингових комунікацій підприємства використовувати систему збалансованих показників. Використання СЗП на стратегічному рівні і її каскадування на окремі відділи підприємства дозволяє забезпечити ефективне впровадження вибраної стратегії.Ключові слова: маркетингові комунікації, інтегровані маркетингові комунікації, модель формування ІМК, система збалансованих показників, складові, модель.
The purpose. To generalize results of reaching of scientists of IAHSZ "Askania-Nova" in branch of animal husbandry and to light problems and prospects of scientific researches in modern economic and nature-climatic conditions in Ukraine. Methods. Selection-genetic, immune-genetic, genetic-biochemical, population-genetic, technological, biometric. Results. Results are given of work of scientists of the Institute in selection, genetics and technology of animal husbandry of South region of Ukraine, as well as problem and perspectives of branch in modern economic and nature-climatic conditions. Series of highly productive gene pools of animals in sheep breeding, cattle husbandry and swine breeding which make the basis of genetic resources in region, and for sheep breeding -in the state as a whole, had been created during existence of the institute. Modern selection-genetic methods and methodology of development of existing and creation of new breeds, types and lines of animals, technologies of production and processing of products of sheep breeding, modern biogeotechnology of duplicating valuable genotypes are developed. Use of scientific developments provides high level of productivity of branch and short terms of their pay-back. Conclusions. Scientists of IAHSZ "Askania-Nova" (centre of science selection in the south of Ukraine) developed a series of selection-genetic, technological, biotechnological methods, techniques, system of assessment and development of genotypes of animals. That allowed creating of domestic highly productive, adapted to extreme natural-climatic conditions of the region gene pools of cattle (milk and meat directions of productivity), sheep and pigs. Today these animals make the basis of genetic resources of animal husbandry of the state. Their use promotes recovery of separate branches, in particular sheep breeding, and others -to increase production of highprotein food stuffs, including produce of organic direction.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.