Identified key external and internal threats significantly affect the process of ensuring the financial security of the enterprise. The application of the mechanism of counteraction to the influence of external and internal threats is characterized by important. The mechanism for countering threats to the financial security of a high-tech enterprise, unlike existing ones, combines a certain essence and hierarchical ordering of the influence of key external and internal threats, involves targeted tracking of changes in the operational environment, identification of the moment of occurrence of threats, prediction of possible results of their implementation, regulating the choice of the established option actions (adaptive, active and protective), control over security, result from the application of which is the rapid adaptation to possible changes, to neutralize the negative impact of and response to threats of action in order to maintain the necessary level of financial security enterprise. The results of the study can be used in the practical activities of enterprises in the high-tech sector of the economy
The consolidation of the principle of supremacy in international documents is described. It is established that the rule of law in the work of the UN has become a subject of constant discussion. It has gained significant momentum since 2007, establishing itself as one of the most important areas of the organisation. UN documents define the rule of law as a principle or as a sphere of activity of the Organisation and member countries. In their report, the UN Secretary-General divides the rule of law into three sectors: the rule of law at the international level, the rule of law in the context of conflict and post-conflict situations, and the rule of law in the context of long-term development. The UN Secretary-General’s annual reports continue to work to promote the rule of law at the national and international levels. UN activities and documents demonstrate that strengthening the rule of law at the international level is impossible without the promotion, observance, and implementation of international treaties, the settlement of disputes by peaceful means, and the protection of human rights that are inextricably linked to the rule of law principle. Areas of activity that strengthen the rule of law are identified. The content of the resolutions “ Rule of Law at the national and international levels” was analysed, based on the results of generalisation of the content and direction of the sessions of the General Assembly during the last fifteen years, the directions of activity within this framework were determined. The rule of law is recognised as one of the fundamental principles of the European Community and enshrined in its regional acts. The elements of the principle of the rule of law are identified based on the results of generalisation of the case law of the European Court of Human Rights. It is established that in the European region a great role in the development and interpretation of the concept of the rule of law is played by its judicial interpretation, which is engaged in by two international judicial institutions: the ECtHR and the European Court of Justice. The rule of law is represented in the work of the Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) and plays a significant role in the promotion and protection of human rights. A significant contribution to the development of regulations for the implementation of the rule of law at the international level was made by the International Non-Governmental Organisation “World Justice Project”, which developed in 2010 the Rule of Law Index. The indicators of measuring the rule of law index in the country are characterised and their analysis in the dynamics at the international level and the distribution of the rule of law index by factors in Ukraine
Purpose The purpose of this study is to analyse the activities of law enforcement bodies in the field of combating crime and corruption offences. Design/methodology/approach In modern conditions in Ukraine, effective cooperation between law enforcement bodies and authorities at all levels, as well as with partner organisations and agencies at the national, regional and international levels to effectively combat crimes related to organised crime and corruption is of particular importance. Improving the investigative and detective capacity of the criminal justice system, combined with efforts to intensify cooperation, contributes to a deeper understanding of the role of joint struggle in this area, thus helping to deter, detect, punish and prevent crime and corruption offences. They must be directly part of a sustainable, long-term and comprehensive strategy to reduce the scope for corruption and open the political and economic system to greater competition. Findings The results of this study allow substantiating that the Ukrainian leadership understands the seriousness of corruption and organised crime: the state takes decisive legislative measures based on international experience. Originality/value The obvious mechanisms for reducing the level of corruption and organised crime in Ukraine can be: implementation of measures to ensure business freedom; the formation of anti-corruption business strategies; introduction of special methods of anti-corruption education; approbation in Ukraine of positive normative legal acts and practices of law enforcement of preventive nature of the European Union for joint activity of law enforcement bodies and civil society in the field of combating crime and corruption offences.
In the current conditions of globalization changes, increased competition, informatization of all spheres of public life, strategic development direction of Ukraine is to develop innovative and investment socially oriented model of sustainable economic development. Under such conditions, human capital is a key factor in enhancing the competitiveness of the national economy; it is an asset that capable to provide the receiving of competitive advantage through the use of unique human capabilities that in today's information society is a driving force in building and providing sustainable economic development. The accumulation and reproduction of human capital should be considered as a strategic resource capable to ensure the sustainable socioeconomic and spiritual-intellectual development of society. It is relevant to study and use European experience in implementing an action plan to ensure the sustainable development of the European Union (EU) through the development and accumulation of human capital, in particular the «Europe 2020» strategy. It is found out that Ukraine has its own programs, strategies and action plans to ensure sustainable economic development based on human capital. In order to determine the level of development of human capital of Ukraine, the country's position on this indicator in various international rankings was analyzed. It is found out that Ukraine has formed national legislation based on the Constitution of Ukraine, laws of Ukraine, presidential decrees, CMU decrees, international agreements and other documents adopted by state authorities and provide for the formation, development, reproduction of the basic components of human capital. Priority directions of ensuring the liberal-democratic legal field of human capital development in the conditions of innovation, technical and demographic challenges, development of the information society and digital economy, globalization and intensification of international competition have been identified.
The concept of ways to commit drug smuggling, psychotropic substances, their analogues and precursors or counterfeit medicines that are present in scientific circles is analyzed. The main methods of drug smuggling and their detailed characteristics among the general classification are established and subspecies of ways to commit drug smuggling, which are relevant today, have been established and analyzed. At the same time, each subspecies is described and a clear example is given, which demonstrates the public danger of a particular way of committing drug smuggling. It was established that every year drug traffickers invent even more audacious ways to commit drug smuggling, while involving customs officers and law enforcement agencies in their illegal activities. Also, taking into account the unstable situation in the occupied territories of Ukraine and the realities of today, other illegal ways of smuggling counterfeit medicines have been established, which is quite a dangerous phenomenon. It is determined that the most appropriate and convenient way for the smuggling movement of counterfeit medicines is to forged customs identification documents and the use of fictitious business entities, which is an acute problem and requires new ways to solve this problem, as well as improvement of the legislation itself and the legal system as a whole. The methods of qualification of the above-mentioned offences under criminal law are analyzed and shortcomings regarding such qualifications are identified. A clear example and reasonably the need to make appropriate changes to the current norm, which provides for the responsibility for the smuggling of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances, their analogues and precursors or counterfeit medicines, followed by the prospect of their use.
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