Reinforced concrete structures with complex inner geometry under the effect of high temperatures considering void former materials were examined. The analysis of strain-stress state of new type of architectural and construction system 'Monofant' under the effect of high temperature heating in standard fire mode, considering the change of design pattern was carried out. Numerical study of concrete slab with given reinforcement and complex inner geometry was carried out with use of software packages based on finite element method. Temperature fields throughout the depth of cross section of the slab of new type of architectural and construction system 'Monofant' upon heating in standard fire mode for time interval 0-240 min. were obtained. The carrying capacity of sections exposed to high temperatures was determined by deformation method. Offered the algorithm that considers the transformation of design patterns depending on temperature values and excessive pressure in thermal insulation cavities taking into account influence of deformation fields on temperature distribution.
Abstract. The analysis of strain-stress state of new type of architectural and construction system 'Monofant' was examined. The analysis of the advanced graphic, computing software packages was carried out. The possibility of joint applying these packages to the problem of sustainable conjunction study of a rational combination of the geometric parameters of the design-built system "Monofant" was analyzed. From the constructive point of view, the search for the structural element shape that provides a minimum material consumption under desired conditions is of some interest. The approach based on the energy criterion of rationalization was adopted to solve this problem. Fundamentally, new opportunities in the field of building structures optimization are offered with introduction of visual programming complexes adopted for designers (Grasshopper, Dynamo). Applying the described approach to the problem of rationalizing of the constructive system "Monofant" offers the opportunity of constructing, calculating, analyzing and rationalizing of construction that has complex external and internal geometry. An illustration of a possible approach is given in a specific numerical example.
One of the priority areas of theoretical research in the field of building structures is to reduce their own weight at a given resource - rationalization. There is a certain number of building structures in which the form and nature of the external load are interdependent. The most striking representative are the structures that perceive lateral pressure from bulk material - retaining walls. From the above review of modern scientific research aimed at finding rational parameters of retaining walls, it follows that the authors, as a rule, describe the cantilever retaining wall by a finite number of parameters and the reduction of its own weight or cost of the structure was taken as the target function. In this case, the load on the structure does not change. The idea underlying this work is that the structure of the retaining wall and the soil backfill, which holds it, is considered as a single system. In this system, the configuration of the structure determines the nature and magnitude of lateral pressure distribution. The sequence of actions to solve the problem of searching for a rational configuration of the structure leads to the division of the curved foam wall into a finite number of linear sections. The anchor support is represented in the form of an additional concentrated force applied at the anchor fixing point. In the work the dependences between the attributes of the stress-strain state of the structure and the system of angles of inclination of the sections are constructed. The configuration of the anchor and retaining wall, which will minimize the potential deformation energy of the system, is found within the framework of the BEA method. Using the numerical output data, the validity of the proposed method is demonstrated. The realization of calculations is reduced to the search for the extremum of the objective function of n variables where the potential deformation energy acts as a functionb and the combination of angles of inclination of the system's breakdown sections as variables. The solution of the problem is implemented by the conjugate gradient method. as a result of calculations, an image of the structure is obtained that minimizes the introduced criterion. Keywords: retaining walls, deformation energy, curved surfaces, rationalization.
The pedestrian safety system is a complex of constructive solutions, the main purpose of which is to create safe conditions for pedestrians on potentially dangerous sections of highways. The article provides an abbreviated analysis of statistical data on the number of road accidents in the city of Kharkiv in recent years, the result of which justifies the need to update the city's infrastructure in terms of pedestrian safety. Known constructive solutions for arranging pedestrian safety islands have certain shortcomings, which prompted the development of the RS PSS constructive system. A distinctive feature of the proposed system is that it consists of separate elements. The main structural elements of the system are a bollard - a protective element of the road infrastructure, a refuge - a reinforced concrete element into which the bollard and the pedestrian slab are attached. The developed system provides a line of standard sizes of each of the elements, which differ in size and ability to absorb external loads. Depending on the place of installation, the type of highways, and other factors, a certain combination of system elements is used. The work provides a description and justification of constructive solutions of all constituent elements of the RS PSS system. The most responsible part of the system is the attachment of the bollard to the refuge. The structural implementation of this node is made in the form of an embedded part, into which the bollard is directly attached. Special attention is paid to the reliable fastening of the part in the reinforced concrete shelter. The work also presents an analysis of the stress-strain state of the proposed constructive solutions. The calculations were performed in the Autodesk fusion 360 software complex. Based on the results of the calculations, recommendations were made for the use of certain standard sizes of the structures under study. This scientific study is the basis for the development of technical conditions for the manufacture of the RS PSS pedestrian safety system.
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