This paper aims to analyze the most relevant methods to determine the financial capacity of innovation projects and identify potential ways of their improvement. The research helped to propose an alternative methodology to assess the financial capacity of innovation projects by charting an alternative balance with a minimum scope of data (annual balance sheet data, project term). The authors drew a conclusion concerning the critical role of choices on the methods applied to analyze the financial capacity of innovation projects in the context of different scales and terms of project jobs in an analyzed project and the need for the proposed alternative (estimate or expertise-based) assessment of financial capacity as well as the relevant risks associated with the implementation of the new financial capacity assessment system and the overall risks of the innovation project. These specifically concern the choices of the methods of attribution of indirect costs in innovation projects, composition and scope of criteria to distinguish business processes to manage these processes and constituent operations, the form of a matrix of correspondence for a set of costs by the stages of an innovation project (event-based matrix accounting) and the information model of the objective-based methods of managing an innovation project as an object.
Modern businesses throughout the world operate in a market characterized by constant changes. These changes are becoming more dynamic from year to year. It is the project-based approach that will allow one to solve problems and ensure high efficiency of project-oriented operations. The purpose of the study is a comparative analysis of the impact of the use of IT project management methodologies of Kanban and Scrum on a company's financial performance. The authors identify the essence of the agile methodology, its conceptual foundations, and explore the key aspects of its efficient implementation. The popularity of the practical application of the agile approach in various business areas is analyzed. The authors also choose the best methodology for a particular IT project for the optimization of such economic and financial indicators as project cost, profit from project implementation, and implementation time. The key differences between the most popular agile technologies are identified. The requirements for forming an agile team are examined considering the main issues during the implementation of agile management technologies. The primary stages in the implementation of an IT project using the Scrum methodologies are defined.
In the context of the implementation of numerous innovative projects around the world, one of the urgent tasks of the modern theory of management accounting is the harmonisation of business processes within systems of various specialization (management, accounting, design and production) that form the organisational structure of the company and are at its various levels. The problem is the inconsistency of the activities of economic and design departments in the process of forming the concept of an innovative product, due to the lack of a model of the mechanism of their interaction at various stages of an innovative project. The article describes the initial stage of testing the hypothesis of the existence of an optimal model of management accounting and cost design systems (design department) interaction model at various stages of an innovation project. Within the framework of the study, a number of tasks were solved, in particular: the task of choosing the most effective research method from the list of methods used by the authors of similar scientific papers; the task of describing the mechanism of interaction of the considered intra-organisational systems in the context of the implementation of an innovative project; the task of establishing the identity of problematic issues arising from the interaction of the management accounting system and the design service at various enterprises. The purpose of the study is to test the hypothesis of the existence of an optimal model of management accounting and cost design systems interaction. Within the framework of the study with the participation of a representative group of three enterprises, the results characterising the current state of the management accounting and cost design systems were obtained. In practice, the enterprises under consideration face problems related to the management accounting and cost design systems interaction model, which are often accompanied by a low level of development of business processes and project management. As a result of the conducted research, indirect confirmation of the proposed hypothesis of the study was obtained.
In order to develop a methodological apparatus for assessing various stages of the life cycle of hybrid/electric propulsion units, the existing approaches to estimating the costs of developing, manufacturing and operating aircraft engines of the traditional propulsion units scheme for determining the cost framework and their further harmonization with the technical and economic boundary conditions of new elements in the hybrid/electric SU scheme are considered. The relevance of solving the problems of assessing the technical and economic efficiency and forecasting the cost of hybrid propulsion units is determined. To solve the tasks, a methodological approach to determining boundary conditions and criteria is proposed. Within the framework of this methodological approach, a preliminary assessment of the cost of the main stages of the life cycle of aircraft engines for various variants of traditional propulsion units was made. Based on the estimates obtained, criteria for the economic efficiency of using a hybrid propulsion unit of various capacities for civil aircraft were formed. A computational and parametric analysis of the cost estimation of variants of aircraft engines included in the propulsion unit of the traditional scheme is presented. The role of accounting and management accounting data in economic and mathematical models is determined, which makes it possible to qualitatively reflect the economic efficiency of the life cycle of aviation products.
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