The electroreduction processes on a Mo electrode in a Na-Zn liquid metal battery cell with a molten NaCl-CaCl2-ZnCl2 electrolyte were investigated at 565 °C. The effect of the battery operating parameters on the loss rate of Na was determined by using electrochemical techniques. The results indicated that the chemical reaction of the reduced Ca and Na with ZnCl2 takes place very quickly, and the electroreduction of Na. Volatilization is mainly responsible for the loss of Na, and a high current density during charging led to the severe competitive deposition of Zn with Na.
The possibilities of recovery of rare earth metals and alloys from Nd-based scrap by electrolysis from high temperature molten salts were investigated. The realization of such a process will eliminate the oxide or halide conversion steps, leading to a more effective and environmental process, as many hydrometallurgical steps are avoided. The NdFeB compound (which could be scrap from the magnet production or demagnetized spent magnet) is placed in the anode compartment from where the rare earth elements present in the material (Nd, Dy, Pr) will be anodically dissolved in the form of ions, which will be discharged at the cathode as metals and/or magnetic alloys. Different electrolyte compositions and temperatures are tested and the feasibility, kinetics, and efficiency of the process are evaluated.
The present work deals with the investigation of an electrolytic method for titanium production that uses TiO2 enriched titania slag as raw material. The process involves two steps: i) carbothermal reduction of the slag to form titanium oxycarbide powder; and ii) electrolysis in a molten chloride-based electrolyte using a titanium oxycarbide consumable anode.
Electrochemical studies show the stability of the different Ti species in the equimolar NaCl-KCl melt at 850oC. These results, together with previous work about the anodic oxidation mechanism of a consumable titanium oxycarbide anode in molten chlorides, allow us to optimize the anode and cathode voltages in the electrolysis experiments.
The results show that best quality titanium deposits are obtained when the reduction occurs in a single electrochemical step, i.e. directly from di-valent titanium species to Ti metal. Then, the complete conversion of the Ti(III) ions released from the consumable oxycarbide anode to Ti(II) species by adding Ti sponge to the electrolyte, must be fulfilled.
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