Enormous funds are spent on the protection of engineering components and structures annually as a result of corrosion. Degradation sets in, due to electrochemical reaction that takes place between materials and the environment leading to reduced performance. The associated downtime caused by replacement and maintenance of vessels, pipes, valves and other equipment necessitated seeking for techniques and method to efficiently combat corrosion. This study evaluated the potentiodynamic polarization of brass, Coated Mild Steel (CMS) and Stainless Steel (SS) in sodium chloride (NaCl). The samples (1 x 30 x 30 mm3) were used as working electrodes for Potentiodynamic Polarization Experiment (PPE). The samples were cleaned, and soaked in 1M NaCl solution. Open circuit potentials and current densities of the samples were obtained from PPE which were used to evaluate their corrosion rates. The pH of the media was recorded before and after each experiment. The results obtained using PPE in NaCl (in mm/y) were 0.209, 0.0053 and 0.0046; for brass, MSC and SS respectively. The pH of the medium was measured as 10.9.The results revealed that brass had highest corrosion rate in the medium. The least corrosion rate was obtained for Stainless Steel in 1M NaCl followed by Coated Mild Steel.
The effects of temperature and time variances on nano-additives treatment of mild steel during machining was presented in this study. Mild steel of 150 kg mass containing 0.56% carbon was charged into the furnace at melting and pouring temperature of 1539 and 1545 °C respectively. Also charged into the furnace with the mild steel were 0.05% max phosphorous and a bit of sulphur. Thereafter, the sample was cooled and annealed at a temperature of 900 °C for 9 h and then cooled to 300 °C of hardening, normalizing and tempering respectively. The treated samples were then soaked with pulverized in palm kernel shell and barium carbonate (20%) energizer at respective temperatures (800, 850, 900 and 950 °C) and time variances (60, 90 and 120 min) in a muffle furnace. The developed tool was tested on a lathe machine to evaluate its performance. The surface and core hardness, wear resistance and toughness were carried out using the hardness tester, Rotopol–V and impact tester respectively. This is essential for predicting the useful life of the tool in service.
This research investigated the role of silica on palm kernel shell (PKS) as friction lining materials in automotive brake pad production. The friction materials were crushed, milled and sieved into four different particle sizes of 100, 150, 200 and 350 µm. The formulations weight percentages employed included Resin (20%), steel slag (15%) and carbon black (5%) while palm kernel shell and silica were varied for each particle size. Individual formulation was mixed for about 10 minutes until formation of homogeneous mixture. Homogeneous formulation A, B, C and D respectively, was compacted into mould and later sintered at 150 oC for 10 minutes in electric furnace and subsequently treated to enhance quality. Produced samples were characterized and evaluated for surface hardness (SH), compressive strength (CS), flame resistance (FR), oil absorption (OA), water absorption (WA) and wear rate (WR). The particles were also characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope. The results revealed that sample D had highest SH and CS values of 105.5 Brinell hardness number (BHN) and 115.2 N/mm2 respectively with decreasing values as particle size increases. FR decreased from samples A to D, and also decreased as particle size increased. Deductively, Sample B with the sieved grade of 100 µm was the best with SH as 99.14 BHN, CS as 105.6 N/mm2, WR as 4.15%, FR as 38.98%, and WA rate as 4.26 % and CF as 0.45 and OA rate as 0.381%. Conclusively, this research developed a high quality eco-friendly PKS particle composite for the production of brake pad.
This study was carried out to investigate the effect of heat treatment (Normalizing and Hardening) on the mechanical properties of springs. The springs were made from mild steel rod having a diameter of 6 mm, a total of 15 springs were made. The springs were then subjected to various heat treatment processes which included; normalizing, hardening and tempering. The heat treated springs were then subjected to various test in other to determine their mechanical properties, these included; impact toughness test, hardness test and tension test. The normalized spring had more strength, was harder and was much tougher than both the annealed and as received springs. The water quenched springs were the hardest of all the heat treated springs, were very brittle and had the lowest percentage elongation. Their strength was also lower than that of the normalized and as received springs. The water quenched and tempered springs had better mechanical properties required for spring making, they had the optimum combination of hardness, strength and toughness when compared with the other heat treated springs.
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