Interstitial ectopic pregnancy is a rare type of tubal pregnancy that poses diagnostic challenge. It is associated with the highest risk of massive, uncontrollable bleeding and can result in uterine rupture in the second trimester. This is a rare case of unruptured interstitial ectopic diagnosed in the first trimester by ultrasonography and managed medically with systemic methrotrexate and serial ultrasound monitoring.`

Thrombocytopenia absent radius (TAR) syndrome is a rare congenital disorder that is consistently associated with skeletal abnormality and thrombocytopenic haemorrhage. This is a case of a neonate with bilateral absent radius and thrombocytopenia. The rarity of this case prompted this report.

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Background: Haemoglobinopathies are diseases of global importance and the countries with high disease burdens have inaccurate national data on the incidence of the various haemoglobin (Hb) phenotypes. Objective: To review the Hb phenotype distribution, the referral identity of patients, and the clinical reasons for phenotyping. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study conducted at a private diagnostic laboratory in Lagos, South-West, Nigeria. The anonymous results of Hb phenotypes of the patients determined using gel electrophoresis were retrieved from the laboratory information system (LIS). Results: There were 942 patients: 519(55.1%) males and 423(44.9%) females with median ages 30yrs (11months-89yrs) vs 27yrs (9months-89yrs), p=0.0018. The phenotypes were HbAA, 592(63.2%); HbAS(26.4%); HbSS(7.1%); HbAC(2.1%), HbSC(0.7%) and HbCC(0.4%). Of the total, 757(80.4%) were referred by health care providers and 185(19.6%) were selfreferred, and there was no association between gender and referral identity of patients. However, there were more males [353(46.6%)] with clinical reasons for referrals than females [94(12.4%)], p<0.0001, and annual check was the commonest reason for Hb phenotyping. Conclusion: Most patients were referred for Hb phenotyping and an annual health check is the commonest reason for phenotype requests. This emphasizes the need for policies to support national Hb phenotype/genotype screening programmes to aid the early detection of sickle cell disease. Keywords: Haemoglobin phenotype; clinical identity; private laboratory.

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Active surveillance (AS) is an important strategy to avoid overtreatment of prostate cancer (PCa) and has become the standard of care for low-risk patients. The role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in AS has expanded due to its ability to risk stratify patients with suspected or known PCa, and MRI has become an integral part of the AS protocols at various institutions. A negative pre-biopsy MRI result is associated with a very high negative predictive value for a Gleason score ≥ 3+4. A positive MRI result in men who are otherwise eligible for AS has been shown to be associated with the presence of high-grade PCa and therefore with ineligibility. In addition, MRI can be used to guide and determine the timing of per-protocol biopsy during AS. However, there are several MRI-related issues that remain unresolved, including the lack of a consensus and guidelines; concerns about gadolinium deposition in various tissues; and increased demand for higher efficiency and productivity. Similarly, the need for the combined use of targeted and systematic sampling is still a matter of debate when lesions are visible on MRI. Here, we review the current AS guidelines, as well as the accepted roles of MRI in patient selection and monitoring, the potential uses of MRI that are still in question, and the limitations of the method.