A lot of effort and time is utilized in the planning and building of the cellular wireless networks to use minimum infrastructural components to provide the best network coverage as well as delivery of quality of service. Generally, path loss models are used for the prediction of wireless network coverage. Therefore, detailed knowledge of the appropriate path loss model suitable for the proposed geographical area is needed to determine the coverage quality of any wireless network design. However, to the best of our knowledge, despite the importance of path loss models, as used for the prediction of wireless network coverage, there doesn't exist any comprehensive survey in this field. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to survey the existing techniques and mechanisms which can be addressed in this domain. Briefly, the contributions of this paper are: (1) providing a comprehensive and up to date survey of the various network coverage prediction techniques, indicating the different frequency ranges the models were developed, (2) the different suitable terrains for each of the model and the best suit mobile generation were presented, and lastly, (3) providing comparative analysis to aid the planning and implementation of the cellular networks. INDEX TERMS Path loss model, prediction, wireless, propagation scenarios, mobile generations, signal. I. INTRODUCTION The remarkable changes experienced by the development of mobile communication system over the last few years has led to severe challenges to the planning of mobile wireless networks. This fruition journey of the first-Generation (1G) network started back in the year 1979 and has progressed to the presently explored Fifth Generation (5G) network. Each new generation is usually built upon the present generation's needs, which led to research and development for a better technology that will accommodate the needs, capacities, proper availability to the end-user. With this exponential increase in the use of mobile-connected devices as well as the constant expansion of mobile communication networks, the effective provision of the coverage of the mobile networks is imperative for the delivery of quality of service (QoS) [1]. Radio propagation can be defined as the behaviour of radio waves experienced while signals are transmitted from one point to another [2]. Such phenomena like absorptions, reflections, scattering, refractions, among others, affect the radio wave [3]. Therefore, mobile network coverage prediction is a vital and essential task in the planning and deployment of cellular technology.

The mobile demands and future business context are anticipated to be resolved by the fifthgeneration (5G) of mobile communication systems. It is expected to provide an utterly mobile device, connected society, and support the demanding services of various use cases (UCs). This is intended to meet the demand requirement by providing services at tens of Gbps in terms of data rates, higher mobility range, lower latencies, and massive connectivity density devices per square kilometer. A comprehensive and up-todate survey of the different developed and proposed use cases is presented in this paper. The first part of the paper presents the overview of the new 5G Architecture by introducing new features such as the new radio interface (New Radio), an overview of the 5G Core Network, minimum requirements, and the Radio Access Network, 5G spectrum requirements and other fundamentals of the network. Secondly, a detailed review of the developed and proposed use cases for 5G communications by the standards development organizations (SDO) and other key players in mobile communication is provided. Thirdly, we went ahead to propose spectrum bands for the deployment of the various use cases based on the low-, mid-, and high-band spectrum and further classified the use cases with respect to their relevance and family, identifying the IMT-2020 test environments and the usage scenarios derived by the 3GPP, fourthly, the channel capacity and the bandwidth of the spectrum was studied, simulated and compared to ascertain the spectrum proposed in this paper for each UC family. Hence, this paper serves as a guideline for understanding the usage scenarios for the future 5G deployment in various environments. This would allow system developers to design and implement 5G channel characterization models specific to the usage scenarios to meet the system requirements.

Global System for Mobile communication is a digital mobile system that is widely used in the world. Over the years, the number of subscribers has tremendously increased, the quality of service (Call Drop Rate) became an issue to consider as many subscribers were not satisfied with the services rendered. In this paper, we present the Artificial Neural Network approach to predict call drop during an initiated call. GSM parameters data for the prediction were acquired using TEMS Investigations software. The measurements were carried out over a period of three months. Post analysis and training of the parameters was done using the Artificial Neural Network to have an output of “0” for no-drop calls and “1” for drop calls. The developed model has an accuracy of 87.5% prediction of drop call. The developed model is both useful to operators and end users for optimizing the network.