Objective: To assess the parotid gland in diabetic patients clinically and by using magnetic resonance imaging. Methods: 20 subjects (10 volunteers and 10 diabetic patients) were examined clinically to detect the presence of xerostomia and bad oral hygiene. Salivary flow rate then, was measured for all subjects to assess the gland function. Finally, axial and coronal MR-T1WIs were acquired followed by MR sialography for the left parotid gland. Results: The diabetic group showed statistically significant higher prevalence of xerostomia and bad oral hygiene than the control group (P-value = 0.001; 0.006 respectively). The salivary flow rate of the control group showed statistically significant higher mean values in both the pre-and post-stimulation states (P-values = 0.027; 0.001 respectively) than the diabetic group. The ductal changes in the diabetic group showed statistically significant higher prevalence of ductal changes than the control group (P-value = 0.025). As well, the diabetic group showed statistically significant higher prevalence of enlargement (P-value = 0.001) and statistically significant higher prevalence of parenchymal changes (P-value = 0.019) than the control group Conclusion Diabetes mellitus may cause the hypofunction of the salivary glands and the MRI and MR sialography may be valuable techniques in the examination of the structure and ductal morphology of the salivary glands of diabetic patients. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….... Introduction:-Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic syndrome characterized by hyperglycemia and instability in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids (Wang et al., 2017). It results from relative or absolute insulin deficiency. Absolute insulin deficiency is caused by the impairment of its biosynthesis and excretion of pancreatic islets by beta cells (type I), while relative insulin deficiency results from the impairment of the reaction of cell, tissue and peripheral organs to insulin activity (type II) (Malicka et al. 2014;Wang et al., 2017).
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