The non-renewable constituent used in asphalt concrete consumed large amount of materials resulting an increase in the price of asphalt mixture and consequently the cost of road development. On the other hand, huge industrial waste being generated daily from human activities causes environmental degradations. Thus, the study evaluates the performance of fly ash (FA) in asphalt concrete development targeted for road application. The aggregate, bitumen, and fly ash were characterized before being used. The stone dust in asphalt mixture was replaced with FA in predetermined proportions of 2, 4, 6, and 8% to produce a cylindrical specimen of asphalt mixture concrete. Marshal stability test, flow test, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was conducted on the composite samples. From the results, stability values of 7.39, 7.70, 7.90 and 8.22 KN was obtained at 2, 4, 6 and 8% replacements, respectively. Hence, the optimum value of 8.22 KN obtained from 8% partial replacement with FA is adequate for heavy traffic while other partial replacement from 2- 6% with stability within the range of 7.39-7.90 KN is suitable for medium traffic in accordance with the criteria for the marshal mix design method provided by Asphalt institute (1997). Corresponding values of 3.7, 3.5, 3.3 and 3.0 mm was obtained for the flow. The flow, air void, void in mineral aggregates and void filled with bitumen results all satisfied Nigeria general specification for road and bridges (1997). Therefore, fly ash can be used as partial replacement in asphaltic concrete to enhance the performance of the mix with a reduced cost for pavement construction.
The utilization of polypropylene in form of waste plastic to produce bituminous concrete for pavement construction was studied. The aggregates, bitumen and polypropylene were characterized. Bitumen was partially replaced with polypropylene at 2, 4, 6 and 8% by weight to produce asphalt concrete, thereafter, Marshal Stability and flow test was carried out on asphalt concrete. From the result, Marshal Stability values of 8.77, 9.18, 9.5 and 11.51 KN while flow values of 3.5, 3.2, 3.1 and 2.8 mm were respectively obtained. This study suggests that the polypropylene could enhance the performance of asphalt concrete and decrease the cost of road construction.
The corn cobs for this work were sourced from farmland after threshing of maize and were prepared for chemical treatment. Both treated and untreated corn cobs were then pulverized and sieved to obtain 150 and 300 µm particle sizes respectively. The composites were developed by dispersing the particulates in unsaturated polyester resin followed by proper stirring and then poured into the mould. The developed composites were allowed to cure before they are stripped from the mould and allowed to further cured for 30 days after which mechanical and biodegradability tests were carried out on the samples. It was observed from the results that both treated and untreated particulate corn cobs improved the mechanical and biodegradability properties of the developed composites while 150 µm was the most suitable particle size for flexural properties and 300 µm was the most suitable for biodegradability property.
The corn cobs for this work were sourced from farmland after threshing of maize and were prepared for chemical treatment. Both treated and untreated corn cobs were then pulverized and sieved to obtain 150 and 300 µm particle sizes respectively. The composites were developed by dispersing the particulates in unsaturated polyester resin followed by proper stirring and then poured into the mould. The developed composites were allowed to cure before they are stripped from the mould and allowed to further cured for 30 days after which mechanical and biodegradability tests were carried out on the samples. It was observed from the results that both treated and untreated particulate corn cobs improved the mechanical and biodegradability properties of the developed composites while 150 µm was the most suitable particle size for flexural properties and 300 µm was the most suitable for biodegradability property.
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