The purpose of this research was to clarify the significance of neutrophil CD64 expression in discrimination between infection and disease flare in patients with inflammatory autoimmune diseases. The study included 63 subjects, 20 healthy controls and 43 patients with inflammatory autoimmune diseases (24 with rheumatoid arthritis & 19 with systemic lupus erythematosus). The FC gamma receptor I (CD64 expression) on neutrophils was measured using flow cytometry. The intensity of CD64 expression on neutrophils was significantly elevated in patients with infections; 49.0 (13-205), and active autoimmune disease; 36.15 (12-133) compared to healthy controls; 5.35 (2.6-14) or patients with inactive disease; 7.5 (3.3-18). In the infectious disease group, expression of CD64 was significantly higher than in the active inflammatory disease group, while there was no significant difference between the group of patients with inactive inflammatory disease and healthy controls (P > 0.05). The sensitivity of CD64 bearing neutrophil intensity for detection of infection (using a cut off value of ≥43.5) was 94.4% and specificity was 88.9%. Neutrophil CD64 expression has a good sensitivity and specificity in differentiating infection from disease flare in patients with inflammatory autoimmune diseases. This assay could facilitate early and accurate diagnosis and greatly aid timely institution of appropriate treatment.
We examined the potential value of the natural killer (NK) cell line; NK-92, as immunotherapy tool for breast cancer (BC) treatment and searched for biomarker(s) of sensitivity to NK-92-mediated cytotoxicity. The cytotoxic activity of NK-92 cells towards one breast precancerous and nine BC cell lines was analyzed using calcein-AM and degranulation assays. The molecules associated with NK-92-responsiveness were determined by differential gene expression analysis using RNA-sequencing and validated by RT-PCR, immunostaining and flow cytometry. NK-target interactions and immunological synapse formation were assessed by fluorescence microscopy. Potential biomarker expression was determined by IHC in 99 patient-derived BC tissues and 10 normal mammary epithelial tissues. Most (8/9) BC cell lines were resistant while only one BC and the precancerous cell lines were effectively killed by NK-92 lymphocytes. NK-92-sensitive target cells specifically expressed CD56, which ectopic expression in CD56-negative BC cells induced their sensitivity to NK-92-mediated killing, suggesting that CD56 is not only a biomarker of responsiveness but actively regulates NK function. CD56 adhesion molecules which are also expressed on NK cells accumulate at the immunological synapse enhancing NK-target interactions, cytotoxic granzyme B transfer from NK-92 to CD56-expressing target cells and induction of caspase 3 activation in targets. Interestingly, CD56 expression was found to be reduced in breast tumor tissues (36%) with strong inter- and intratumoral heterogeneity in comparison to normal breast tissues (80%). CD56 is a potential predictive biomarker for BC responsiveness to NK-92-cell based immunotherapy and loss of CD56 expression might be a mechanism of escape from NK-immunity.
Background. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by clonal expansion of undifferentiated myeloid precursors, resulting in impaired hematopoiesis and bone marrow failure. Identification of new prognostic markers remains important; especially those refining therapeutic options. The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of Tetraspanin CD81 as a prognostic marker in patients with de novo AML. Methods. Thirty patients with newly diagnosed AML were included in this study, and were subjected to immunophenotyping by flow cytometry. The patients were followed up for one year to evaluate overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Results. CD81 was expressed in the thirteen patients with a mean percentage 31.15 ± 12.14 %. However, 17 AML patients were CD81expression with mean percentage 9.06 ± 3.78 %. After induction therapy, complete remission achieved in 15 patients (50%). On the other hand, 13 patients (43.3%) did not achieve complete remission, and the remaining 2 patients were not evaluated. OS in AML patients ranged from (8-12 months) with median 11.57 was 71.4%. DFS in AML patients with median 11 months was 53.6%. There was a highly statistically significant difference between studied groups, where OS and DFS were lower in patients with CD81 + expression compared tothose with CD81expression (P= 0.00).
Conclusion. CD81 + expression has a potential role as a prognostic marker;where its expression is associated with M4 and M5 FAB subtypes. Moreover, patients with CD81 + expression have higher incidence of relapse and decreased OS & DFS than patients with CD81expression.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.