Copper is a heavy metal used in many industries and known for its negative impacts on the environment and human’s health. A novel structured metal organic framework (MOF) was used for copper adsorption for this work. SEM, EDAX, XRD and FTIR were done to confirm the structure of MOF prepared. MOF of 0.05 gm was used to examine its ability in Cu+ 2 removals with different initial concentrations of Cu+2 and pH values (5, 7 and 9). The prepared MOF was able to achieve Cu removal with 94.6%, 93%, 91.5%, and 92.5 % for the initial concentrations of 5, 10, 15, and 20 ppm respectively. It also performed very well for pH 5 and 7 with average removal ranging from 93.9%-95% for pH 5 and 7 for the initial concentrations of 5, 10, and 15 respectively which indicate that the prepared MOF is of high ability in Cu+ 2 removal.
The Analytic Network Process (ANP) approach was
applied to evaluate the overall project performance. The
interdependencies between the performance factors in sanitation
infrastructure projects have been modeled, and their cumulative
influences were simulated and quantified. This model focuses on
the planning and construction phase of projects under unit price
contracts and is intended for use by owners, supervision
consulting firms (Owner’s representative) and/or contractors as
well. The proposed model assist both owners, consultants and
contractors in controlling projects during the different phases
and can also be used as a basis for simulation of various
managerial scenarios/interventions to explore the best solution to
correct the negative effect of poor performance. The proposed
model is generic and may be applicable to almost any project in
the construction industry, since all projects, regardless of size or
type, follow a broadly similar pattern of development. This model
focuses on the two phases; planning phase and construction
phase of a project and is intended for implementation by both
owners and contractors. Although the proposed evaluation
model reflects to a great extent the contractors’ preferences, most
contractors perceive performance according to project objectives
and contractual aspects. The model also reflects to some extent
the owner’s and/or its consultant’s interventions within the
different project cycle. Therefore, the objective of this research is
not to standardize the priorities of performance factors, but
rather to establish a systematic framework for consistent and
quantitative evaluation process for performance of planning and
construction of sanitation infrastructure projects in Egypt that
take into consideration the interdependencies between multidimensional performance factors.
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