Abstract:The levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST/GOT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT/GPT) in serum can help people diagnose body tissues especially the heart and the liver are injured or not. This article provides a comprehensive review of research activities that concentrate on AST/GOT and ALT/GPT detection techniques due to their clinical importance. The detection techniques include colorimetric, spectrophotometric, chemiluminescence, chromatography, fluorescence and UV absorbance, radiochemical, and electrochemical techniques. We devote the most attention on experimental principle. In some methods a few representative devices and important conclusions are presented.

Inkjet-printable aqueous suspensions of conjugated polymer precursors are developed for fabrication of patterned color images on paper substrates. Printing of a diacetylene (DA)-surfactant composite ink on unmodified paper and photopaper, as well as on a banknote, enables generation of latent images that are transformed to blue-colored polydiacetylene (PDA) structures by UV irradiation. Both irreversible and reversible thermochromism with the PDA printed images are demonstrated and applied to flexible and disposable sensors and to displays.

While a large variety of conjugated polymers exist, polydiacetylenes (PDAs) remain a major research area among scientists due to their interesting optical, spectral, electronic, and structural properties. Heavily reviewed in regards to their stimuli responsive properties, much is known about the assortment of sensing and detection capabilities of PDAs. In this article, we look more upon the structural diversities of polydiacetylenes that have been achieved in recent years, particularly from a hierarchical perspective of 1, 2, and 3-dimensional configurations. In addition, we examine how these different dimensional arrangements of PDAs have heralded clear applications in several key areas. Successful integration of these stimuli-responsive "smart" materials into various geometries has required researchers to have a comprehensive understanding of both the fabrication and synthesis processes, as well as the signalling mechanism for the optical, fluorogenic or spectral transitions. The on-going discovery of new PDA formulations continues to provide interesting structural manifestations such as liposomes, tubes, fibres, organic/inorganic incorporated hybrids and composite structures. By highlighting some of the recent conceptual and technological developments, we hope to provide a measure of the current pace in new PDA derivative development as core components in efficient sensor, imaging and display systems.

A highly sensitive, tunable, flexible and microfluidic compatible gas sensor was developed based on a photochromic spiropyran-embedded PDMS composite.

The synthesis, characterization, and functionalization of polydiacetylene (PDA) networks on solid substrates is presented. A highly transparent and cross-linked diacetylene fi lm of DCDDA-bis-BA on a solid substrate is prepared fi rst by tailoring the monomers with organoboronic acid moieties as pendant side groups and consequent drop-casting and dehydration steps. Precisely controlled thermal curing plays a key role to obtain properly aligned diacetylene monomers that are closely packed between the boronic acid derived anhydride structures. A second cross-linking, which occurs by polymerization of the diacetylene monomers with UV irradiation, induces a transparent to blue color shift. Accordingly, colored image patterns are readily available by polymerization through a photomask. The color change that takes place as a response to various organic solvents can be simply detected by naked eyes. The thermofl uorescence change of PDA networks is demonstrated to be an effective method by which to obtain the microscale temperature distribution of thermal systems. The ease of fi lm formation and stress-induced blue-to-red color change with a simultaneous fl uorescence generation features of the network structure should fi nd a great utility in a wide range of chemical and thermal sensing platforms.