The purpose of the study was to assess the efficiency and accessibility of microcredits for small Ukrainian enterprises and to justify the feasibility of strengthening government contributions in lending to ensure the sustainable development of small businesses. Indicators for evaluating the efficiency and accessibility of microcredits are systematized. Methodological approaches to assessing the efficiency of lending for the creation and development of microenterprises have been improved. A model for evaluating the efficiency of microcredits aimed at the survival of microenterprises in a deteriorating environment was developed. It has been revealed that the level of efficiency of microcredit creation for firms in some time intervals depends quadratically on the share of microcredits in the total amount of funds directed to the creation of firms. A linear relationship between the relative amount of credit received and the growth rate of firms’ assets has also been established. However, there is no significant impact of the microcredit’s amount on labor productivity. A method has been developed for evaluating the budgetary efficiency of microcredits when such a lending is carried out using funds from state or local budgets. It was found that improving these lending conditions through budget financing can significantly increase its attractiveness for microenterprises without significantly reducing the budgetary efficiency of microcredits. This article substantiates the need to strengthen state support for microcrediting of small Ukrainian enterprises in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Urgency of the research is determined by the urgent need to increase the competitiveness and improve the financial condition of Ukrainian industrial enterprises on the basis of their transition to sustainable development. Target setting. The implementation of measures for building a sustainable model of enterprise economic development requires a preliminary evaluation of the economic potential of enterprise sustainable development. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. The study of the principles of enterprise economic development is a key issue for many scientists. In particular, the conditions and mechanisms of building innovative model of economic development of Ukraine were developed, the methods of evaluating economic development potential of enterprises were presented, and the peculiarities of implementation of sustainability measures were analyzed. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. The issue of quantitative evaluation of enterprise sustainability development potential remains unresolved. The research objective. The aim of this article is to develop methodological principles for evaluating economic potential of sustainable development of industrial enterprises as a prerequisite for developing scientifically sound sustainability policy. The statement of basic materials. The article presents the typology of enterprise sustainable development kinds. The criteria for the development are suggested. The effect of sustainability measures on the level of economic development of enterprises is analyzed. The method of economic potential evaluation of sustainable development of industrial enterprises using the system of evaluation indicators is presented. Conclusions. The employment of the developed methodological approaches to evaluation of the economic potential of industrial enterprise sustainable development will enhance the efficiency of management decisions on establishing sustainable development programmes in the enterprises.
кандидат економічних наук, доцент кафедри фінансів Національного університету «Львівська політехніка» Федевич Л.С. кандидат економічних наук, доцент кафедри фінансів Національного університету «Львівська політехніка» Курило О.Б. кандидат економічних наук, доцент кафедри фінансів Національного університету «Львівська політехніка» Проведено характеристику витратного підходу до оцінки вартості підприємства та його основних методів. Наведено особливості врахування вартостей статей активу та пасиву балансу за витратним підходом. Зазначено переваги та недоліки окремих методів та підходу загалом. Визначено сфери використання методів. Ключові слова: витратний підхід, метод прямого відтворення, метод заміщення, метод чистих активів, метод ліквідаційної вартості, метод балансової вартості. Чубка О.М., Федевич Л.С., Курило О.Б. ЗАТРАТНЫЙ ПОДХОД К ОЦЕНКЕ СТОИМОСТИ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯ: ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА МЕТОДОВ Проведена характеристика затратного подхода к оценке стоимости предприятия и его основных методов. Приведены особенности учета стоимости статей актива и пассива баланса по затратному подходу. Отмечены преимущества и недостатки отдельных методов и подхода в целом. Определены сферы использования методов. Ключевые слова: затратный подход, метод прямого воспроизведения, метод замещения, метод чистых активов, метод ликвидационной стоимости, метод балансовой стоимости. Chubka O.M., Fedevуch L.S., Kurylo O.B. EXPENSE APPROACH OF ESTIMATION OF COST OF ENTERPRISE: DESCRIPTION OF METHODS A characteristic of the cost approach to estimating the value of the enterprise and its main methods is carried out. The peculiarities of taking into account the value of articles of the asset and the liability balance on the cost approach are presented. The advantages and disadvantages of individual methods and approaches in general are highlighted. Areas of use of methods are defined.
An efficient development of the agricultural sector of the economy of Ukraine is possible only under the condition of stability and optimality of tax legislation, while its constant changes adversely affect the activities of agricultural enterprises. Therefore, the State support and the creation of favorable conditions for development will allow the agro-industrial complex to become a highly efficient and competitive sector of the economy. The article is concerned with studying and analyzing the transformational changes in taxation of agricultural producers in Ukraine. Both the positive and the negative consequences of tax reforms implementation are examined, in particular, the results of the introduction of a single tax for the taxation of agricultural enterprises are considered and the dynamics of volumes of its revenues to local budgets is analyzed; the main problems that arose in the agricultural sector as a result of the reform carried out by the State on receiving the value added tax (VAT) from agricultural enterprises are distinguished and the impact of this reform on the profitability of these enterprises is disclosed. Efficiency of the introduction of the system of budget subsidies for agricultural producers, which were provided to them in connection with the abolition of a special VAT tax regime, is analyzed. Since support for the agricultural sector is one of the strategic priorities for the development of the national economy, the main aspects of the processes of further reform of the taxation system of agricultural enterprises are distinguished. This will increase the efficiency of their activities, improve the financial condition and develop agricultural production in Ukraine. As a result, this will have a positive impact on the increase in tax revenues to budgets of all levels and reduce attempts to evade taxation.
<p><strong>Theoretical background</strong>: There is an ongoing global acceleration of automation and digitalisation in financial processes, which points to significant changes in public spending policies. After an analysis of several scientific studies, fundamental approaches have been elaborated to understand public consumption and the system of state purchases. The basic hypothesis for this research was to study the possible impact of the electronic procurement market ProZorro on state purchases in Ukraine. Possible directions are: increasing competitiveness, optimising state expenditures and saving the budget funds of public services based on innovative digital technology.</p><p><strong>Purpose of the article</strong>: The main goal is to investigate the impact of the electronic public procurement system ProZorro on corruption and bureaucracy in the public sector of Ukraine. The study object is an analysis of the volume and structure of the public procurement market, the number of procedures and participants in a bidding process, and the savings amounts in ProZorro’s public purchases during the study period in Ukraine.</p><p><strong>Research methods</strong>: The following methods were used during the research of the Ukrainian electronic procurement system: dialectical method; analysis and synthesis method – for a comparison of certain types of public procurement; subthreshold and suprathreshold statistical methods – for analysing the dynamics of indicators of the domestic system of public procurement during the period under research for a comparison of the indicators of public consumption of certain ministries and departments, different regions and territorial entities; structural and logical analysis – for generalising the theoretical and methodological principles of building a public consumption system in Ukraine. The main source of data was the data and analytical base of the ProZorro electronic public procurement system.</p><p><strong>Main findings</strong>: Effects of the innovative digital paradigm on the transparency and efficiency of public procurement are determined. Considerable attention is paid to the implementation of the electronic public procurement system ProZorro in Ukraine. The expediency is substantiated for its implementation in the national practice of budget expenditures, and the principles and procedures of implementation are analysed. The practice and dynamics of the public procurement market in Ukraine are summarised. The conclusions of the advantages of electronic system are provided, including transparency and impartiality, stimulation of competition and non-discrimination of bidding participants, reduction of corruption and the effect of reducing the savings of budget funds. Potential risks, threats and disadvantages of the ProZorro system in Ukraine are highlighted. Among them are: a high proportion of non-competitive procedures; possible latent conflict regarding the participants’ interests; unreasonable time spent on individual procedures; the justification of the procurement procedure to one participant due to a dubious “urgent need”; unreasonable application of the procurement procedure to one participant due to the falsification of conditions or the division of the procurement subject; the existence of discriminatory requirements in the documentation of competitive bidding; and a lack of efficiency in the complaints handling mechanism.</p>
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