Based on a thermodynamic approach, a mathematical model of charge transfer processes in the polymeric ionites (ion-exchange materials) during the water vapor sorption was developed. Theoretical dependences of the resistance of a polymeric ionite on the relative air humidity over the range 10-100% at physically reasonable values of the parameters of the system were obtained. The comparison of theoretical and experimental dependences has been performed. Possible reasons for and criteria of the phase transitions that lead to stepwise change of ionite resistance were discussed. The developed mathematical model adequately describes the available experimental data and allows formulating practical recommendations on selecting optimal polymeric coatings for the electrode units of molecular-electronic humidity gauges.
The previous numerical and experimental studies of the solid-phase synthesis
of porous reactive mixtures (Al-S and Al-Tf) placed into cylindrical
ampoules subjected to explosive detonation revealed the sharp increase in
temperatures and pressures. The results have shown that high heat release
and high increase in pressure due to exothermic reactions in the mixture, on
the one hand, promote the faster development of reactions and, on the other
hand, contribute to the formation of a gas phase that, in turns, may lead
to the damage or even fracture of ampoules. This problem is solved by adding
an inert porous aluminum layer to the bottom part of the mixture.
Computations are carried out using the model of a multicomponent medium and
the finite element method. Numerical simulation has shown that in this case
the fracture of cylindrical ampoules is not observed.
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