The formation of emulsion is one of the challenges facing the oil and gas industry today. This is normally encountered when water is dispersed as fine droplets in the bulk of oil. This study presents the treatment techniques used by Nigeria Petroleum Development Company in Oredo field in breaking crude oil emulsion. Wells 2L and 4L were used for the analysis. Crude samples were obtained at the upstream of chemical injection points to ensure the samples were true representatives of the crude from the wells in the field. Chemical demulsifiers (DM1, DM3, DM4, and DM5) were formulated in the laboratory which was used in the treatment of 100ml of emulsion. Results show that DM3 and DM5 were the most effective chemical demulsifiers formulated in the laboratory for Oredo wells 2L and 4L respectively and also, temperature is an indispensable determining factor in the treatment of emulsion.
The paramount aim of every oil and gas operator is to minimize both capital and operating costs and more importantly, maximize cumulative oil production in the most cost-effective manner for the entire field. This is to say that a true production optimization requires an operator to take a logical look at the field's production systems from the subsurface to surface facilities. Therefore, when an oil well fails to flow naturally, it requires an assisted lifting system. Gas lift system is one of the few artificial lift methods used to start up a well and/or increase the producing life of oil and gas wells. The principle of Gas lift is by lowering the hydrostatic pressure inside the production tubing through the injection of lighter fluid into the annulus. GT oil field in the Niger Delta was used as case study; it has a production life span of eighteen years. To increase GT production and extend the lifetime of the field, the operator decided to start up an artificial lift project with an aim of optimize its production. To select the best artificial lift method to use, an economic evaluation was carried out using PROSPER for gas lift and a base case (Natural Flow) and then a production forecast with the different scenarios was performed for six years. In technical comparison, PROSPER simulation results shows that Gas lift technique gave a higher production rates when compared with the Base Case (Natural Flow), and in terms of economic comparison by considering factors like: water cut and replacement of failed pump, gas lift system was preferred for proper production optimization techniques. However, gas lift was chosen for GT based on the availability of the readily compressed gas, higher life time expectance and lower installation and operational cost as compared to other artificial lift techniques.
The straight line model introduced by Havlena and Odeh require plotting of the underground recoverable function F against the oil plus dissolved gas expansion function E o or gas cap expansion function E g or the connate water and rock properties E fw or a combination of these drives depending on the existing reservoir drive. The consequence is that the estimation of the initial oil in place and cumulative oil produced do not considered the timing factor of the average production of the field life. Hence, this paper present an alternative Havlena & Odeh model in which the reservoir functions such as F are plotted against E per cumulative time making reservoir engineers to appreciate the reservoir behaviour at each time space/limit and also act as a check to the original Havlena and Odeh model. The average production per day is used as against the cumulative production. An appropriate equation and method of analysis is show in this paper. Nevertheless a practical field case is considered. Result from the new model maintained relevant trend with the old Havlena and Odeh model with error factor of 0.043%, hence suitable for predicting reservoir performance as a function of time and also estimating initial oil in place and cumulative production.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.