The use of gadgets is currently very evenly distributed in almost all age groups with screen times that are increasingly worrying, especially in infants and children. The influence of these devices can cause many problems not only social problems but especially health problems that have a long-term impact. Neuropsychiatric disorders caused by early use of gadgets in infants and children should be prevented by parents' understanding of the effects of using these devices. The purpose of writing this review article describes health problems that may arise due to the use of gadgets in children in an uncontrolled time. This literature review article was analyzed from 25 journals with topics of infant and toddler brain development, gadgets, electromagnetic waves and their impact on infant and toddler brain development. Search using pubmed central, google scholar, article in journals indexes Scopus Q1-4 and Sinta 1-4 from year 2002-2022. 25 journals were obtained and overall showed the impact of gadgets in the brain development.
Background: Congenital rubella syndrome is a disease that is a relative severe health problem because it causes multiorgan disability. The purpose of the study was to describe the neurological abnormallities that occur in congenital rubella syndrome and its pathophysiology.Case Presentation: A descriptive study with the subjects of the study of infants and children with congenital rubella syndrome found in the private practice of pediatricians for 10 years aged 1-5 years with the most complaints of developmental and growth delays, recurrent seizures and behavioral disorders. most are first children with mothers without Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR) vaccination. Inclusion criteria: infants and children with clinical manifestations of at least 2 of all major clinical signs (hearing loss, congenital cataracts and congenital heart defects) accompanied by evidence of infection in the form of rubella-specific serum IgM and a history of the mother experiencing infection during pregnancy as evidenced by IgG results and or IgM rubella antibodies.Results: 13 cases were obtained, 92.3% of the case population with multi-organ disability and only 1 case (7.69%) with neurological disorders alone. 84.6% of cases of neurological disability occurred as a result of infection in the 1 st trimester.
Conclusion:Neurological abnormalities were acquired in the entire study population and were mostly due to infections in the 1st trimester of pregnancy.
Tetralogy Fallot adalah salah satu PJB sianotik terbanyak dengan risiko hipoksia yang makin memberat dengan penambahan usia pasien. Trombositopenia adalah salah satu konsekuensi dari kondisi hipoksia kronis dengan risiko perdarahan. Tujuan penelitian ini ingin mengetahui hubungan antara saturasi oksigen arterial dengan trombositopenia pada pasien tetralogy fallot. Metode penelitian: penelitian kasus kontrol, populasi pasien TF dengan trombositopenia dan non-trombositopenia, dilakukan pengukuran usia, saturasi oksigen arterial dan jumlah trombosit. Dilakukan uji regresi logistik ganda untuk mengetahui pengaruh saturasi oksigen arterial pada kejadian trombositopenia pada 94 pasien TF. Hasil penelitian: dari 94 populasi TF yang terbagi 47 populasi trombositopenia dan 47 populasi non-trombositopenia terdapat pengaruh saturasi oksigen arterial dengan kejadian trombositopenia dengan p = 0,000 (bermakna). Kesimpulan: usia pasien yang terus meningkat akan menyebabkan hipoksia kronis dan trombositopenia.
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