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Article available under the terms of the CC-BY-NC-ND licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) eprints@whiterose.ac.uk https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ Reuse Unless indicated otherwise, fulltext items are protected by copyright with all rights reserved. The copyright exception in section 29 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 allows the making of a single copy solely for the purpose of non-commercial research or private study within the limits of fair dealing. The publisher or other rights-holder may allow further reproduction and re-use of this version -refer to the White Rose Research Online record for this item. Where records identify the publisher as the copyright holder, users can verify any specific terms of use on the publisher's website. TakedownIf you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing eprints@whiterose.ac.uk including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. AbstractThis paper shows the results of an experimental investigation into the effect of changes in solidity on the performance of a Vertical Axis Wind Turbine. Two VAWT configurations are used, one of solidity = 0.26 (chord C = 0.03m) and the other with = 0.34 (C = 0.04m). The turbine performance coefficient (C p ) was measured over a range of tip speed ratios and Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) was used to determine the flow field around both turbine configurations.Performance (C p -) curves for the two VAWTs are compared at the same Reynolds numbers to investigate the effects of solidity alone on the performance and aerodynamics of each configuration. The higher solidity ( = 0.34) VAWT attained a similar maximum C p but with a narrower C p -curve than the lower solidity VAWT. The performance differences between the two VAWT configurations at two tip speed ratios are explained in detail using PIV around both VAWT rotor blades. This allows the linking of detailed aerodynamics to the performance and it was shown that the generation and shedding of stall vortices started earlier on the lower solidity VAWT than the higher solidity VAWT, thus limiting the rotor efficiency.
The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of organic amendment on the growth performance of five bean varieties and soil chemical characteristics. From the results, the application of soil amendment had significant (P≤ 0.05) effect on bean plant girth, number of leaves, number of branches, mean number of flowers, total fresh weight and total dry weight, of the bean five varieties planted. The increase in the bean growth observed in this research can be attributed to the improvement of the soil nutrients by the compost manure. The results from this research show that organic manure can be formulated and blended from wood sawdust, palm fruit waste and poultry waste which are chiefly abundant in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria.
Physical properties of post-harvest bean seeds was studied, but the physical properties of bean seeds in response to post flowering (maturity stage) have not been fully studied; therefore, this study is aimed at evaluating the physical properties of two bean varieties (iron and honey) during their maturation stages. The bean seeds were harvested at 15, 20 and 25 days after flowering (DAF), the physical properties (length, width, thickness, average thousand seed mass, size, volume, geometric mean, sphericity, surface area, arithmetic mean, bulk density, true density, porosity, angle of repose, and the static friction coefficient (against plywood, rubber, Formica, galvanized iron, and aluminum surfaces)) in both bean varieties were evaluated. The results showed that maturity stage of the bean seeds significantly (P≤ 0.05) influenced all their physical properties. Over the course of a maturation time, while their porosity and angle of repose decreased, in both bean varieties, other properties were found to increase. The bean seeds true density increased from 817.75 to 1207 kg/m 3 in iron bean, and 774.25 to 1144 kg/m 3 in honey bean; likewise, the bulk density increased from 464.5 to 761.75 kg/m 3 and 544.75 to 867.66 kg/m 3 in the iron and honey bean respectively; porosity decreased from 42.15 to 36.37% in the iron bean and 34.19 to 26.41% in the honey bean. The static coefficient of friction result was; Formica (iron bean, 0.24 to 0.35; honey bean 0.22 to 0.28), aluminum (iron bean 0.31-0.37; honey bean 0.25 to 0.32), galvanized iron (iron bean, 0.35-0.44; honey bean, 0.33 to 0.39), plywood (iron bean, 0.49 to 0.58; honey bean 0.39 to 0.46), and rubber (iron bean 0.55 to 0.61; honey bean 0.43 to 0.50). While the angle of response decreased from 39.62 to 30.73 o in the iron bean and 45.78 to 36.84 o in the honey bean. Furthermore, the results show that the ideal period for harvest, processing and handling of the two bean seeds is 20 to 25 days after anthesis, since the seeds will be having maximum dry weight and higher viability. Data gotten from this result is useful in the design and development of harvesting, handling and processing equipment.
This study examined wind energy potential of six selected locations the South-South geopolitical zone of Nigeria using 10 year wind data obtained at a height of 10m as a possible location for energy generation from wind. The obtained data showed that the annual mean wind speed for Asaba, Benin, Calabar, Port Harcourt, Uyo, and Warri were 3.3m/s, 3.3m/s, 4.4m/s, 3.4m/s, 3.5m/s and 3.7m/s respectively, with corresponding mean power density were found for the respective locations. The corresponding annual mean wind speed with maximum energy ranged from 4.1m/s to 4.4m/s with Calabar station found to be the most suitable site for the installation of wind turbine for power generation. The overall mean wind power densities and the annual mean power densities were under class 1 of wind classification scheme indicating that, the mean wind speed fell short of required standard of 6m/s for large-scale installation of wind energy generation. Nevertheless, the power generated could be improved using suitable wind turbines at reasonable heights. Due to rapid growth in population, industrialization, and pollution, the world is constantly in search of several means to increase her energy resources in order to meet the increasing demand for renewable energy. Non renewable energy sources including fossil fuels, coal and natural gas accounts for up to 84% of energy production, while the remaining 16% is from renewable, nuclear and other energy sources (Bansal, 2006). Apparently, conventional energy sources leads to environmental and ecological hazards, global warming, greenhouse gas effect and acid rain. Thus leading to increase research interest on alternative renewable energy sources that are sustainable and environment friendly.Awareness of the importance and benefits achievable from generation of energy from renewable energy sources other than fossil fuel has encouraged interest in wind energy (Eboibi et al., 2016) and other renewable energy sources. Nema et al., (2009) explained the importance of generating energy from renewable sources through a review of hybrid energy system that combines wind and PV-solar as a realistic technology to compliment energy generation from engine-driven energy sources. Thus embracing wind energy technology in Nigeria could help to alleviate the energy crises in the country. Nigeria with a population of over one hundred and seventy million barely generates meager 6000MW of electricity. By international standard, the produced power is not enough to sustain healthy living let alone to support infrastructure and industrial development. The energy crisis could be traceable to the ailing four refineries that are currently producing at 30% of installed capacity (Ajayi and Ajanuku, 2009). Even with the prevailing energy crisis bedeviling the country, wind energy resources are not exploited. Non-exploitation of wind resources and lack of research interest in wind energy technology in Nigeria could be due to poor government policy in the energy sector. These factors have resulted in few studi...
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