An emergency department (ED) is a complex scene where various diseases and processes are intertwined. Annually, over 4.8 million patients visit EDs in Korea, and 137.8 million visit EDs in the United States [1,2]. Moreover, the number of patients and the severity of their complaints are increasing due to aging of the population and advances in emergency medicine [3]. When resources are not sufficient, the increased load on EDs results in a poor quality of care, which leads to a suboptimal outcome [4]. Triage systems have been developed where demand is greater than supply [5]. The purpose of triage in an ED is to prioritize patients to allocate clinical resources as beds

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between changes in breast density during menopause and breast cancer risk. Methods: This study was a retrospective, longitudinal cohort study for women over 30 years of age who had undergone breast mammography serially at baseline and postmenopause during regular health checkups at Samsung Medical Center. None of the participants had been diagnosed with breast cancer at baseline. Mammographic breast density was measured using the American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System. Results: During 18,615 person-years of follow-up (median follow-up 4.8 years; interquartile range 2.8–7.5 years), 45 participants were diagnosed with breast cancer. The prevalence of dense breasts was higher in those who were younger, underweight, had low parity or using contraceptives. The cumulative incidence of breast cancer increased 4 years after menopause in participants, and the consistently extremely dense group had a significantly higher cumulative incidence (CI) of breast cancer compared with other groups [CI of extremely dense vs. others (incidence rate per 100,000 person-years): 375 vs. 203, P < 0.01]. Conclusion: Korean women whose breast density was extremely dense before menopause and who maintained this density after menopause were at two-fold greater risk of breast cancer. Prevention Relevance: Extremely dense breast density that is maintained persistently from premenopause to postmenopause increases risk of breast cancer two fold in Korean women. Therefore, women having risk factors should receive mammography frequently and if persistently extremely dense breast had been detected, additional modalities of BC screening could be considered.

<div>AbstractBackground:<p>The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between changes in breast density during menopause and breast cancer risk.</p>Methods:<p>This study was a retrospective, longitudinal cohort study for women over 30 years of age who had undergone breast mammography serially at baseline and postmenopause during regular health checkups at Samsung Medical Center. None of the participants had been diagnosed with breast cancer at baseline. Mammographic breast density was measured using the American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System.</p>Results:<p>During 18,615 person-years of follow-up (median follow-up 4.8 years; interquartile range 2.8–7.5 years), 45 participants were diagnosed with breast cancer. The prevalence of dense breasts was higher in those who were younger, underweight, had low parity or using contraceptives. The cumulative incidence of breast cancer increased 4 years after menopause in participants, and the consistently extremely dense group had a significantly higher cumulative incidence (CI) of breast cancer compared with other groups [CI of extremely dense vs. others (incidence rate per 100,000 person-years): 375 vs. 203, <i>P</i> < 0.01].</p>Conclusion:<p>Korean women whose breast density was extremely dense before menopause and who maintained this density after menopause were at two-fold greater risk of breast cancer.</p>Prevention Relevance:<p>Extremely dense breast density that is maintained persistently from premenopause to postmenopause increases risk of breast cancer two fold in Korean women. Therefore, women having risk factors should receive mammography frequently and if persistently extremely dense breast had been detected, additional modalities of BC screening could be considered.</p></div>

<p>Hazard ratios (95% CI) for the incidence of breast cancer by change in breast density among participants who had scattered fibroglandular or heterogeneously dense breasts premenopause</p>

<p>Hazard ratios (95% CI) for the incidence of breast cancer by change in breast density among participants who had scattered fibroglandular or heterogeneously dense breasts premenopause</p>

<p>Hazard ratio for incidence of breast cancer by breast density premenopause</p>

BACKGROUND Pulse transit time and pulse wave velocity (PWV) are related to blood pressure (BP), and there were continuous attempts to use these to predict BP through wearable devices. However, previous studies were conducted on a small scale and could not confirm the relative importance of each variable in predicting BP. OBJECTIVE This study aims to predict systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure based on PWV and to evaluate the relative importance of each clinical variable used in BP prediction models. METHODS This study was conducted on 1362 healthy men older than 18 years who visited the Samsung Medical Center. The systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were estimated using the multiple linear regression method. Models were divided into two groups based on age: younger than 60 years and 60 years or older; 200 seeds were repeated in consideration of partition bias. Mean of error, absolute error, and root mean square error were used as performance metrics. RESULTS The model divided into two age groups (younger than 60 years and 60 years and older) performed better than the model without division. The performance difference between the model using only three variables (PWV, BMI, age) and the model using 17 variables was not significant. Our final model using PWV, BMI, and age met the criteria presented by the American Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation. The prediction errors were within the range of about 9 to 12 mmHg that can occur with a gold standard mercury sphygmomanometer. CONCLUSIONS Dividing age based on the age of 60 years showed better BP prediction performance, and it could show good performance even if only PWV, BMI, and age variables were included. Our final model with the minimal number of variables (PWB, BMI, age) would be efficient and feasible for predicting BP.

This study aimed to investigate the current practices and characteristics of commercial Enteral/Parenteral nutrition (EN/PN) support in outpatients in a tertiary hospital. Methods : This retrospective study was examined outpatients who were prescribed commercial EN/PN at Samsung Medical Center in 2021. Demographics, disease classification, prescription departments, EN/PN calories, and home artificial nutrition (HAN) consultation were examined.Results : A total of 1,108 outpatients were enrolled, of which 1,009 were adults (91.1%).