Galla rhois is a commonly used traditional medicine for the treatment of pathogenic bacteria in Korea as well as in other parts of Asia. Methyl gallate (MG), a major component of Galla Rhois, exhibits strong antibacterial activity, but its mechanism of action against Salmonella spp. is unclear. In the present study, we investigated the antibacterial actions of MG against Salmonella. The antibacterial activity determined by broth dilution method indicated that the antibacterial activity of MG against Salmonella strains ranged from 3.9 to 125 µg/ml. In vitro bacterial viability test indicated that MG significantly decreased the viability of Salmonella over 40% when combined with ATPase inhibitors. The time-kill curves showed that a combined MG and ATPase inhibitors (DCCD and NaN3) treatment reduced the bacterial counts dramatically after 24 h. Oral administration of MG showed a strong anti-bacterial activity against WS-5 infected BALB/c mice. In contrast to the untreated Salmonella infected control animals, MG treated groups showed no clinical symptoms of the disease, such as lethargy and liver damage. It was observed that MG treatment significantly increased the survival of animals from Salmonella infection, while in untreated groups all animal succumbed to disease by the sixth day post infection. Thus, the present study demonstrates the therapeutic ability of MG against Salmonella infections.
Five known kaurane type diterpenoids, 16alphaH,17-isovaleryloxy-ent-kauran-19-oic acid (1), 16alpha-hydroxy-17-isovaleryloxy-ent-kauran-19-oic acid (2), paniculoside-IV (3), 16alpha-hydroxy-ent-kauran-19-oic acid (4), and ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (5) were isolated from the root of Acanthopanax koreanum by repeated column chromatography and reversed phase preparative HPLC. The structures of these compounds were established from physicochemical and spectral data. Among the isolated compounds 16alphaH,17-isovaleryloxy-ent-kauran-19-oic acid (1) showed potent inhibitory activity (IC50 value, 16.2 uM) on TNF-alpha secretion from HMC-1, a trypsin-stimulated human leukemic mast cell line.
A new pimarane-type diterpene compound, acanthokoreoic acid A together with three known compounds, acanthoic acid, acanthol, and sumogaside were isolated from a CH(2)Cl(2) fraction of Acanthopanax koreanum by repeated column chromatography and reversed phase preparative HPLC. Acanthoic acid was isolated in high yields and showed potent inhibitory activity on the IL-8 secretion of the TNF-alpha-stimulated human colon adenocarcinoma cell line HT-29 and on the TNF-alpha secretion of the trypsin-stimulated human leukemic mast cell line HMC-1.
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