Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease. Decreasing postprandial hyperglycemia by retarding glucose absorption through inhibiting carbohydrates digesting enzymes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase) is one of many approaches used for the management of this disease. This study was aimed at evaluating the normoglycaemic potential of Helianthus annuus leaf. Methods: The effect of the in vitro inhibitory of different extracts (acetone, ethyl acetate and hexane) of the plant was assessed on the activities of diabetes-related enzymes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase). Results: The hexane extract of H. annuus leaf displayed the best inhibitory activity against αamylase and α-glucosidase as indicated by the IC 50 values (3.92 ± 0.02 mg mL-1) and (3.29 ± 0.12 mg mL-1), respectively. Lineweaver-Burk plot of inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase by this extract showed that it was competitive and non-competitive mode, respectively. Conclusion: H. annuus leaf possesses hypoglycaemic potential which may be due to the inhibition of pancreatic α-amylase and intestinal α-glucosidase.
Summary This work investigates the antiradical capacity and potential of Garcinia kola extracts to improve the biochemical markers associated with erectile function and its possible application in clinical treatment. Inhibitory properties of aqueous extract of G. kola on phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5), arginase, angiotensin I –converting enzyme (ACE), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in rat’s genitals tissues were evaluated. Likewise, G. kola extract was explored for reducing power (FRAP) and 1.1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging abilities. G. kola extract exhibited greater PDE-5 (IC50 = 47.52 ± 0.01 μg/mL), ACE (IC50 = 46.90 ± 0.87 μg/mL), AChE (IC50 = 44.85 ± 1.33 μg/mL) and arginase (IC50 = 47.71 ± 0.25 μg/mL) inhibitory activity in the corpus cavernosum tissue than PDE-5 (IC50 = 75.58 ± 2.04 μg/mL), ACE (IC50 = 53.00 ± 0.30 μg/mL), AChE (IC50 = 54.57 ± 1.50 μg/mL) and arginase (IC50 = 69.68 ± 2.42 μg/mL) inhibitory activity in the testicular tissue homogenate. Furthermore, G. kola exhibited radical scavenging abilities against FRAP and DPPH* radicals. Hence, our results revealed that G. kola extracts are good sources for the development of nutraceuticals and pharmacological properties with attributes to enhance erectile performance.
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