The rate of HBV and HIV infections in developing countries is alarming and may contribute to infant mortality. Therefore, there is a need to examine the prevalence of both infections among pregnant women, with an aim to determine the seroprevalence of HBV and HIV and rate of co - infection among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at State Hospital, Ijebu-Ode, Nigeria. From 489 women attending antenatal clinic, individual serum was obtained and screened for HBV and HIV antibodies respectively using chromatographic immunoassay. Bio data, occupation, living conditions and parity was obtained using structured questionnaire. A total of 489 pregnant women within age 15 – 39-year-old were screened, HBV infection recorded 33 (6.7%) while HIV was 20 (4.1%). The duo was higher among 20 - 24 years age group: HBV 13(10.4%) and HIV 9 (7.2%), and co-infection was 2 (0.004%). The incident of infections was higher among the artisans: HBV 20 (8.0%) and HIV 9 (3.6%) than others categories in relation about occupation. Increased frequency of HBV and HIV infections among pregnant women is alarming public health issues and should be given proper attention. The prevalence of the duo infections may be culpable in infant mortality, and complication following child birth for the mothers. Therefore, pregnant women should be screened for both HBV and HIV infections during antenatal care. Enlightenment campaign on the routes, modes of transmission and control measures should be step-up at antenatal clinics across the board.
Background: The attitude of young people towards the use of contraceptives differs and it is linked with their sexuality. One of the most frequent assertions for the lack of use of the condoms as contraceptive is that boys did not like using them because it reduces the feeling and pleasure during intercourse and some of the young mothers' belief that putting on condom just prior to intercourse did interrupt the spontaneous feelings during sexual intimacy
Abstract:Background: Hepatitis B and C viral infections continue to constitute major global health problems and are responsible for most liver related deaths. This study is carried out to reveal the hepatitis B and C single and co-infection patterns among emergency patients and their possible liver outcomes. Methods: Two hundred and eighty-eight (288) patients on initial visit from casualty unit were routinely screened for hepatitis B and C viruses over a period of two years in the haematology department. Diaspot one step enzyme immunoassay rapid kits for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-HCV respectively were used. HBsAg and anti-HCV seroprevalence and possible co-infections were evaluated using descriptive statistics of SPSS version 17 and expressed in mean and standard deviation, and male: female ratios. Results: Of the 288 research volunteers, 8.68% and 1.74% were positive for HBsAg and anti-HCV respectively. 1.04% was HBV and HCV co-infected. The overall mean age and male: female ratio were 44.4±17.3 years and 1.4:1 respectively. Lower mean age and higher male: female ratios were observed in HBV and HCV population. HCC remain the major liver outcome in HBV-infected and HBV/HCV co-infected research subjects. Conclusion: Hepatitis B and C viral infections still remain a major public health problem globally. There is need for continued aggressive advocacy on 'Know your HBV and HCV status' to reduce the scourge of these infections especially in rural and resource-limited settings where problem of poverty and ignorance have contributed to development of liver complications in these patients.
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