The express Improvement of perovskite solar cells(PSC) has made them the highest Interest to studied for PV(Photovoltaics) and application in renewable energy. Here in we report on PSC applied on photoelectrolysis of water. Basically, it is easily decomposed by moisture and water. Thus, when it applied to water splitting. It is Important to protect device for stability of PSC. In this work, we demonstrate a method that improved stability of PSC during oxygen evolution in water. Field’s metal, a fusible In-Bi-Sn alloy, is used efficiently as a protection. Because of this it prevents the electrolyte from attacking the perovskite layer, and at the same time stably operates the reaction that the generated electrons transfer to oxygen evolution reaction(OER). Also it is deposited the Ni layer on the device by electrodeposition method. Ni as a catalyst for OER and it is abundant. As a result, the photo-electrode shows remarkable stability and performance in neutral and alkaline solutions, Under the continuous illumination(AM1.5G). Figure 1
Fossil fuel cannot be relied on anymore as an energy source. Oxygen and hydrogen from water electrolysis can be transformed into electrical energy by a fuel cell. In another way, oxygen and hydrogen can be produced by water splitting process using electrolyzer. There are two processes in water electrolysis, hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) that occur on the cathode and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) that occur on the anode. In this research, we will focus on oxygen evolution reaction. Oxygen evolution is a process of generating oxygen molecules from water by oxidizing water during electrolysis process. To optimize the reaction, a catalyst is needed to be applied to the anode. Until now, some metal oxide such as iridium oxide and ruthenium oxide show the best performance as catalysts. However, they have limited costs. Effective and low-cost catalyst is the key to optimization process. Oxygen has unpaired electrons, make it becomes paramagnetic. Magnetic field drives the direction of oxygen bubbles movement. Oxygen bubbles move towards S-pole and away from N-pole. In an electrolyzer system, the oxygen bubbles will move rotationally. This motion increases the electrolyte hydrodynamic, which serves as a stirrer. The hydrodynamic of electrolyte helps to detach oxygen bubbles in anode surface. Therefore, the internal resistance of the system decreases, and the electrocatalytic activity increases. Moreover, during OER process, oxygen spins are randomly aligned. These randomly align spins lead over potential and inefficient oxygen production process. Magnetic field helps to polarized the oxygen spins. When the oxygen spins parallelly align, the oxidation reaction is improved. Current reports on magnetic effect during OER are still rare, therefore combining magnetic nanoparticle as catalyst and external magnetic force become very interesting. Several magnetic materials such as ferrite nanoparticles and its substitutes (Mn, Co, Ni, Zn) are decorated on Ni foam as anode. Those catalysts then combined with the magnetic field by attaching a permanent neodymium magnet near the anode compartment. Pt mesh is employed as cathode and Hg/Hg2SO4 as reference electrode. Electrocatalytic activity is measured by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. OER process is done in alkaline liquid electrolyzer, and KOH is used as an electrolyte. This experiment will show the most suitable magnetic material combined with external magnet. Magnetic strength toward OER process also needs to be investigated. Further experiments will be conducted, such as detect and quantify the oxygen radical on the anode by Scanning Electrochemical Microscope (SECM), quantify the oxygen production by oxygen sensor, and detect the hydrogen peroxide formation. Finally, the magnetic field from a permanent magnet has an essential role in electrocatalytic activity of magnetic material. With magnet exposure, the current density is higher rather than without magnet. This simple approach on OER has a significant impact on further applications such as solar fuel systems and fuel cells.
The advanced electrochemical oxidation process (AEOPs) has been considered as an appealing approach to overcome problems associated with the conventional water treatment methods. The use of expensive and toxic chemical oxidizing reagents in chemical oxygen demand, for example, can lead to environmental concerns of the production of secondary pollution. Anodic oxidation, one of the most popular AEOPs, offers a rapid and straightforward COD determination by removing the need for chemical oxidants. The process mainly relies on the anode material to degrade the organic molecules; thus, choosing the appropriate material is one of the keys to a successful electrochemical oxidation. Numerous electrochemical applications utilize boron-doped diamond as the anode material due to its unique properties such as wide potential window, low background current, and resistance to fouling. The employment of BDD for anodic oxidation of organics enables complete oxidation of organics via physically adsorbed hydroxyl radicals (●OH). The species offers a high standard redox potential of E° (●OH/H2O) = 2.80 V/SHE, high reactivity, and short lifetime, makes it possible to be used for the on-site electrochemical oxidation process. The objective of this study is to develop and optimize an electrochemical system for chemical oxygen demand determination based on a photoelectrochemical degradation principle. The degradation of phenols takes place in a specially designed BDD thin-layer electrode, and the amount of electrons transferred at the electrode can be measured to define the equivalent COD value. A 60μm thick films are used as a spacer, resulting in a contact area of 3 cm2. At 2.54 V vs. SHE, a sample containing 50 mg/L analytes required less than 3 mins to degrade, and the assay time for organics decay increases for a higher concentration of phenols. Incorporating the BDD electrode with cathode materials, such as Pt-coated indium tin oxide (ITO), will be employed as an attempt to improve the degradation efficiency by minimizing the voltage drop between the electrodes. Sandwiching the BDD-cathode using Nafion® membrane will be studied to remove the need for additional supporting electrolytes. The major experimental conditions of the anodic oxidation of organic molecules by BDD, such as applied potential bias, supporting electrolyte concentration, pH, and dissolved oxygen concentration, will be varied to obtain the optimum conditions.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.