In this study, evidence of increased oxidative DNA damage was determined in AD patients as well as decreased serum PON1 activity. Oxidant stress and oxidative DNA damage are important pathological processes in AD. The biomarkers, urinary 8-OHdG level and serum PON1 activity can be used to determine and monitor the status of patients with AD.
AddressesBackground Increased nitric oxide (NO) production may result in further brain damage via nitric oxide synthase uncoupling in patients with acute ischaemic stroke by increasing free radical formation and oxidative stress. In this connection, we measured nitrite and nitrate (NO metabolites), ischaemia-modified albumin (IMA) and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) in patients with ischaemic stroke.
BackgroundOsteoprotegerin (OPG) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily. Reduced OPG levels are related to obesity, insulin resistance, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between OPG levels, obesity, insulin resistance, and NAFLD in pediatric patients.MethodsThis was a prospective, cross-sectional, controlled study that was conducted in the department of pediatrics at Bagcilar training and research hospital in Istanbul, Turkey, between April and August 2015. The study was performed on 107 children with obesity and 37 controls aged 5 - 17 years. In the obese subset, 62 patients had NAFLD. Homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was used to calculate insulin resistance. Insulin resistance was defined as a HOMA-IR value greater than 2.5. Plasma OPG levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. NAFLD was diagnosed by hepatic ultrasound.ResultsThe mean age was 11.25 ± 3.38 years in the patient group and 10.41 ± 3.15 years in the control group. The OPG level in the obese group with the mean of 55.20 ± 24.55 pg/mL (median = 48.81 pg/mL) was significantly lower than that in the control group with the mean of 70.78 ± 33.41 pg/mL (median = 64.57 pg/mL) (P = 0.0001). The optimal cut-off point (sensitivity, specificity) of the OPG level for the diagnosis of obesity was ≤ 46, 19 pg/mL. According to logistic regression analysis, fasting insulin (P = 0.036) and OPG (P = 0.01) levels were most affected by obesity. In the obese patients, who had HOMA-IR < 2.5, the mean level of OPG was 58.91 ± 6.88729 pg/mL (median = 49.55). In the obese patients, who had HOMA-IR ≥ 2.5, the mean level of OPG was 54.19 ± 22.21 pg/mL (median = 48.47). No significant correlations were found between OPG and HOMA-IR (P = 0.791). No statistically significant difference was observed in the mean OPG between patients with hepatosteatosis (mean = 54.55 ± 25.01 pg/mL) (median = 49.46) and those without the disease (56.30 ± 24.02 pg/mL) (mean = 48.34) (P = 0.089).ConclusionsWe confirmed that serum OPG concentrations reduce in obese children. However, no correlation was identified between OPG and insulin resistance. OPG levels are not meaningful in the diagnosis of NAFLD in children with obesity.
Background Obesity is an important cause of morbidity, and it has an increasing frequency in childhood. Studies have reported that 33% of adults and 20–27% of children and adolescents are obese. Recently, it has been shown that the prevalence of obesity in the childhood group is higher than the past years. Omentin-1 is an adipokine which is synthesized from the visceral fat tissue but not synthesized in the subcutaneous fat tissue. Omentin-1 has been shown to increase insulin-mediated glucose uptake, especially in the adipose tissue. Studies have shown that plasma omentin-1 levels, which play an important role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance, are significantly lowered in obese, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between obesity and omentin-1 levels in children. Methods The study included obese children with a body mass index (BMI) greater than the 95th percentile and healthy children with a BMI lower than the 85th percentile. Obese and healthy individuals had similar age and sex distributions. Glucose, insulin, lipid profiles, thyroid panels and metabolic markers were evaluated. Results The levels of omentin-1 in obese children were significantly lower than in the control group (p<0.05). Results of Spearman’s correlation analysis for all participants showed that omentin-1 levels were negatively related with triglycerides, total cholesterol, serum free thyroxine (FT4), insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), body weight, waist circumference (WC) and BMI percentile values. Conclusions Our findings indicate that serum omentin-1 levels are lower in obese children than in non-obese individuals. Omentin-1 can be used as a metabolic biomarker in children and adolescents.
Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the serum and urine levels of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), osteopontin (OPN), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and serum Cystatin-C to determine the renal effect of obesity in obese children.Methods: Seventy-two obese and 35 non-obese healthy children were included in this study. Blood pressure (BP) was evaluated with office measurement. Creatinine, cystatin C, lipids, fasting glucose, and insulin levels were measured, and homeostasis model assessment -insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. The urine albumin/creatinine ratio was calculated. The serum and urine KIM-1, NGAL, OPN, and MMP-9 levels were measured.Results: Serum cystatin-C, triglyceride, and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index were found to be significantly higher in the obese group (p = .0001), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was found to be significantly lower (p = .019) in the obese group. No significant differences were found in serum KIM-1, NGAL, OPN or MMP-9 levels between groups (p > .05). No significant differences were found in urine KIM-1 and MMP-9 levels (p > .05), Urine NGAL, and OPN levels were found significantly higher in obese groups (p < .05).Conclusions: According to our results, although serum KIM-1, NGAL, OPN, MMP-9, and urine MMP-9, urine KIM-1 do not appear to be ideal markers to evaluate renal injury in the early period of obesity, the serum levels of cystatin C and urine NGAL, urine OPN can be used as a good marker for assessing the renal effect of obesity which can lead end stage renal disease in pediatric population.
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