The purpose of this study is to investigate the money demand function and its stability in Turkey using annual data over the period of 1970 and 2013. Based on the three specifications of money demand function, cointegration and the dynamic regression estimation results reveal that more flexible version of money demand specification that links the log of real money balances, ln M/P, to the log of real GDP, ln Y/P, and the log of the nominal interest rate, lni, performs better than the money demand specifications assuming unitary income elasticities. Moreover, based on the stability test on the flexible specification of money demand, the narrow monetary aggregate M1 is found to be stable.

This study investigates the validity of the trilemma hypothesis and various trilemma policy configurations among the exchange rate stability, financial openness and monetary autonomy in Turkey covering the period of 1970-2014. Trilemma policy measures are obtained from Aizenman, Chinn, and Ito (2013). Estimation results confirm that trilemma constraint is binding, and the policy-makers in Turkey pursue a policy combination of capital mobility and monetary autonomy between 2001 and 2014. More importantly, growing international reserves at the same period gave CBRT more self-confidence to violate trilemma constraint and pursue more stable exchange rates. This result potentially explain why Turkey has been accumulating international reserves in parallel with rising deviations from the trilemma constraint.

A b s t r a c tThis article investigates the long run impacts of exchange rate volatilities on export volumes in six developing countries, Turkey, Indonesia, Brazil, Mexico, Poland, and Chile. The exchange rate volatility is estimated by both ARCH/GARCH and moving sample standard deviation-based volatility proxies. Error correction representation of the long run export model reveals that there is not cointegration relationship for Brazil, Indonesia, and Chile while the results support the cointegration relationship for Turkey, Mexico, and Poland. Second, world income is major determinant driving export volumes in Turkey, Mexico, and Poland. Third, there is a significant negative relationship between exchange rate level and export volumes in Turkey and Mexico in line with theory. Finally, the measure of exchange rate volatility carries a significant negative coefficient in the case of Poland but a significant positive coefficient in the case of Turkey. Jel Codes: F14, F31 Keywords: Real exchange rate, exchange rate volatility, export, long run equilibrium DÖVİZ KURU OYNAKLIĞININ GELİŞMEKTE OLAN ÜLKE İHRACAT AKIMLARINA ETKİSİ Ö z Bu çalışma döviz kuru oynaklığının ihracat akımları üzerindeki uzun dönem etkisini Türkiye, Endonezya, Brezilya, Meksika, Polonya ve Şili gelişmekte olan ülkeleri özelinde incelemektedir. Döviz kuru oynaklığı, hem ARCH/GARCH modeli hem de hareketli standart sapmalar bazlı ölçümlerle elde edilmiştir. Hata düzeltme modeli sonuçları Brezilya, Endonezya ve Şili özelinde bir eşbütünleşme ilşkisinin varlığını tespit edemezken diğer ülkelerde eşbütünleşme ilişkisi bulunmuştur. İkinci olarak, dış dünya gelir düzeyi Türkiye, Meksika ve Polonya'da ihracat akımlarını etkileyen en etkili değişkendir. Üçüncü olarak, Türkiye ve Meksika'da teorik beklentilere uygun şekilde reel döviz kuru düzeyi ile ihracat akımları arasında anlamlı negatif ilişkiler bulunmuştur. Son olarak ise, döviz kuru oynaklığı Polonya'da ihracat akımlarını olumsuz etkilerken, Türkiye'de ihracat üzerinde anlamlı pozitif ilişkiler üretmektedir. JEL Sınıflandırması: F14, F31 Anahtar Kelimeler: Reel Döviz Kuru, döviz kuru oynaklığı, ihracat, uzun dönem denge 1 Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Ordu ÜniversitesiÜnye İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi ORCID: 0000-0002-1935-0858

This paper investigates the impact of global uncertainty on Turkey's exchange rate volatility via quantile regression approach. Using quantile regression approach, estimated uncertainty coefficients are allowed to differ over quantiles of the exchange rate volatility. The EGARCH model is the best fit for measuring exchange rate volatility due to the fact that exchange rate series exhibit "asymmetric volatility". In this study we employed global economic policy uncertainty index-GEPU constructed by Baker et al. ( 2013) as a proxy of global uncertainty. Empirical results suggest that higher volatility of exchange rate is associated with a greater positive shock of GEPU. However, estimated parameters are statistically significant at lower exchange rate volatility since the CBRT intervenes the foreign exchange markets and restricts the excessive fluctuations in exchange rates to achieve financial stability.

This paper empirically investigates the effects of monetary policy shocks on the Turkish economy using a structural VAR model. Monetary policy shocks are identified based on the non-recursive structural identification scheme. Since monetary policy stance is contingent on different funding rates in the wide interest rate corridor for the selected sample period, 2011:M1-2018:M12, this paper employs "weighted average funding cost"to represent the monetary policy stance of the CBRT. The baseline identification scheme is also extended in different ways to check the robustness of the results. The empirical results can be summarized as follows. First, Turkish data are not free from price and exchange rate puzzles. More importantly, qualitative inferences are quite persistent across different identification restrictions. Second, structural impulse-responses reveal that there is a two-way simultaneous interaction between monetary policy and exchange rate. Finally, the presence of money stock in the VAR model is redundant for identifying monetary policy shocks since the VAR models with and without money stock generate almost identical results.