Boron carbide (B 4 C) synthesis from a polymeric precursor is an alternative to a traditional carbothermal reduction, promising low energy consumption and production costs, particularly for a polymeric precursor such as polyvinyl borate (PVBO). The sol-gel technique is preferred in the production of polymeric precursors owing to its convenience in producing singlesource reactants for synthesizing B 4 C at low temperatures (< 1800 °C). The sol-gel parameters, such as the composition, viscosity, and pH, affect the formation of the polymeric precursor. In this study, industrial-grade partially hydrolyzed PVA and technical-grade boric acid (H 3 BO 3 ) are used to produce PVBO. We aim to specify the viscosity and pH values for different ratios of PVA:H 3 BO 3 . A sample with a weight ratio of PVA:H3BO3 of 1:1 ( PHD101) is determined to have the optimum process parameters. Calcination is performed between 500 °C and 700 °C for 1-3 h to produce a single-source reactant, which consists of boron oxide (B 2 O 3 ) and carbon. It was observed that B 2 O 3 was distributed on the nano-scale level in the carbon matrix. The reactant is heat-treated at 1400 °C for 5 h and crystalline, polyhedral, and irregular B4C particles are synthesized at low temperatures from industrial grade raw materials.
Cathode ray tube (CRT) glass contains significant amounts of alkali and alkaline earth oxides, making it a useful by-product for use in the ceramics industry. Among the various alkali oxides present, those of strontium (SrO), calcium (CaO), and magnesium (MgO) are well known flux materials used widely in the ceramics industry. The most effective flux, SrO, is also a limited resource. In this study, we aimed to develop an environmentally friendly, low-cost method for recycling CRT waste by using it to produce transparent ceramic frits on an industrial scale. Four different samples were fabricated containing between 13 and 25 wt.% CRT panel glass. The color values, sintering behaviors, phases, and microstructural properties of the corresponding samples were analyzed and compared. The results indicate that a composition containing 25 wt.% CRT panel glass could pass the ISO 10545 test. Thus, the results confirm that CRT glass can be used to inexpensively produce transparent ceramic frits at an industrial scale.Implications: The recycling of electronic waste (e-waste), including CRT waste, has increased by high rates of computer and TV consumption. This increase in consumption is likely to increase the rate at which CRTs are discarded. However, CRTs cannot be recycled in the desired amount. Owing to the high silicate, barium and strontium content of CRTs, it has great potential for glass ceramics such as frits. CRT panel glass to produce commercial transparent frit at low cost through an industrial production route for use in single-fire sintered products. Thus, CRT wastes can be recycled cost-effective, sustainable and environmentally friendly.
State-of-the-art abrasion resistance of glass ceramic coatings (GCCs) is set by dense, low closed porosity, defect-and micro-stress-free microstructure since GCCs have low fracture toughness. Titanium diboride (TiB 2 ) is a ceramic material with relatively high strength and durability as characterized by the high melting point, hardness, and wear resistance. In this study, the effect of mill additive TiB 2 hard ceramic particles (HCP) on GCCs was investigated. The precursor glass ceramic system of SiO 2 -Na 2 O-B 2 O 3 -CaO-Fe 2 O 3 was selected. The wear resistance of the GCCs was tested simultaneously by Taber Abraser and by a tribometer. B 2 O 3 , which is formed by the oxidation of TiB 2 , fills the pores and the microcracks on the surface, thus reducing the stress areas and increasing the wear resistance. Increasing the TiB 2 HCP addition yielded a decrease in mass loss of about 81%, wear rate of about 82% and increase in the coefficient of friction of 15%.
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