Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most frequent cause of mobility restriction and posture disturbance in childhood. Against the complexity in disease etiology, genetic factors, including Apolipoprotein E allelic distribution in this patient population, are worthy targets for investigation. ApoE is a lipoprotein of central nervous system encoded by ApoE gene with its 3 main co-dominant alleles, 2, 3 and 4. We aimed to evaluate the allelic frequencies of ApoE gene and its association with coexisting clinical entities such as vision and hearing impairment, cognitive problems, seizures and MRI findings in a pediatric patient population native to middle Anatolian region. Seventy-eight children with CP and 60 healthy controls were genotyped. Genotypic variations along with coexisting clinical conditions and CP-related medical findings were compared between the patient and control groups. The Denver Developmental Screening Test for all, the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-IV (short form WISC-IV; Turkish version) for the patients >6y and the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale (SB-5) for those who aged 2-6 years old were employed to evaluate cognitive and mental abilities of the patients. ApoE 2 and 4 alleles were more frequent in the patient group (p<0.05), whereas ApoE 3 allele was more frequent in the healthy controls. ApoE 2/4 genotype has been determined 29% in the case group, but none in healthy control group. In the patient group with apolipoprotein 4 or 2 alleles, the rate of emergency cesarean section was found being significantly higher than the group with 3 allele. Brain MRI findings were not significantly different among ApoE allelic variants within the patient group. Our data show that the ApoE alleles may be effective in the development of cerebral palsy and may be associated with some clinical manifestations in those patients.
Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Histopathology plays an important part in determining the treatment strategy for women with breast cancer. GSTP1 plays an important role in protecting cells from cytotoxic and carcinogenic agents and it is expressed in normal tissues at variable levels in different cell types. CDH1 plays a critical role for establishment and maintenance of polarity and differentiation of epithelium during the development period. Also, it plays an important role in signal transduction, differentiation, gene expression, cellmotility and inflammations. Methods: In this study the promoter methylation levels of GSTP1 and CDH1 gene which are associated with breast cancer were investigated by technique of Methylation Sensitive High Resolution Melting Analysis (MS-HRM). We analysed primary tumor core biopsies from 80 high-risk primary breast cancer patients (tumors ≥ 2 cm and/or lymphatic metastase and/or distant metastases and/or under 40 years). Also the patients' histopathologic types were associated with the methylation levels. Results: In our study the promoter hypermethylation status was observed at different rates; GSTP1 and CDH1 hypermethylation frequencies were 82% and 95% respectively. The promoter hypermethylation levels of the genes were found to be significant with lymph node positivity, ER positivity and HER2/neu negativity.
Özet: FMF sıklıkla Akdeniz çevresinde yaşayan etnik grupları etkileyen, otozomal resesif geçişli bir hastalıktır. FMF'e yol açan MEFV geninin kodladığı Pirin proteinin antiinflamatuar yanıtta negatif bir düzenleyici olarak rol oynadığı düşünülmektedir. FMF hastalarının çoğundan MEFV gen mutasyonlarının sorumlu olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışmada, FMF tanısı almış 5836 olgunun MEFV genindeki olası mutasyonlarının tespit edilmesi ve tespit edilen mutasyonların Türk FMF olguları arasındaki dağılımının değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. FMF tanısı almış, 7 yıllık hasta profili ile retrospektif bir çalışma yapılmıştır. Olgulardan elde edilen DNA örneklerinden, pirosekanslama ile MEFV geninde hastalıkla ilişkisi olduğu bilinen 22 mutasyon bölgesi çalışılmıştır. Toplam 5836 olgunun 2774'ünde (% 47,5) mutasyon saptanırken, 3062'sinde (% 52,46) incelenen bölgelere ilişkin mutasyon gözlenmemiştir. .Çalışma grubundaki 5836 olgunun % 18,59'de M694V, % 12,15'de E148Q, % 7,4'de V726A, % 3,56'de M680I (G>C), % 2,59'de M680I (G>A), %1,85'de R761H, % 1,9'de P369S ve %1,25'de K695R mutasyonları tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada elde edilen bulgular doğrultusunda, Türk toplumundaki MEFV gen mutasyon tipleri ve frekansları geniş bir hasta serisiyle net bir şekilde ortaya konulmuştur. Bu verilerin Türk toplumunda yeni FMF panelleri için daha spesifik belirteçlerin kullanılmasına yardımcı olabileceğini düşünmekteyiz.
Objective: To evaluate of results of cordosentesis in an University Clinic. Methods: Adequate amount of cord blood was taken from 96.9% of the cases, the successful culture rate was 99.2%. In seven cases the procedure was repeated as the culture was unsuccessful in two of them and maternal contamination was observed in five of them. There was no fetal loss among the 251 cordocentesis cases, but it must be taken into account that 62.2% of these patients were referred to our clinic so that their pregnancy outcomes could not be obtained. The most common complications were intraamniotic bleeding in 6.8% and transient fetal bradycardia in 6.3% of the cases. According to cytogenetic evaluation reports, chromosomal abnormality was detected in 13 cases (5.17%). One case with short femur had a karyotype of 47,XX,t(8;14) (p22;q21),+der(14)(8;14) and one case with single umblical artery having a karyotype of 46,XX,del(3)(p25pter) was described for the first time in the literature. Results: Data including the indications, cytogenetic results and complications was obtained from 251 pregnancies who underwent cordocentesis in a University clinic. Conclusion: Cordocentesis is an invasive prenatal diagnostic and therapeutic procedure with high accuracy and safety if it is carried out by highly skilled physicians and when optimal culture conditions are provided.
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