<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study analyzed the determinants of food crop productivity in Nigeria. <strong>Objectives: </strong>To describe the socio-economic characteristics of the food crop farmers, estimate the meta-frontier production and compare the technological gap ratio of the various food crop farmers, and then analyzed the determinants of productivity of food crop farmers in the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria. <strong>Methodology: </strong>General Household Survey –Panel Wave 2 from National Bureau of Statistics Abuja, Nigeria was used for this study, and a total of 1,678 food crop farmers were randomly selected from the six geo-political zones in Nigeria. The study employed the use of descriptive statistics, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), and Multiple linear regression. <strong>Results: </strong>Most (34.3%) of the farmers were aged between 41-50 years with modal family size of 6 - 10 members. The illiteracy level was high (62.2%) among the various food crop farmers as they had no formal education. The mean technical efficiency and mean Technological Gap Ratios (TGRs) of the food crop farmers were 0.563 and 0.716 respectively. The difference in the mean technical efficiency and meta-production model of food crop farmers showed a huge productivity potential ratio in the various zones of the country. Age (t = 2.99, P= 0.06), plot size square (t = 4.40, P= 0.00), plot ownership (t =2.59, P= 0.01) and access to credit (t = -2.13, P= 0.033) do significantly influence the productivity of the food crop farmers, and were the determinants of food crop productivity in Nigeria. <strong>Implications: </strong>There is the need to enhance capacity of the food crop enterprises to promote food security and economic growth in Nigeria. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Given the level of technology available, food crop farmers produce lower than the country potential output.</p>
Background and Objective: In spite of efforts to achieve self-sufficiency in food production, poverty reduction and improved livelihood outcomes of farm families, the adoption and utilization of agricultural conservation technologies by these households are overdue. The determinants of the adoption of agricultural conservation technologies in the Manzini Region of Eswatini were evaluated in this study. Materials and Methods: Primary data was obtained using a well-structured questionnaire from one hundred and twenty farmers. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques and the Tobit regression model. Results: Findings showed that majorities (65.83%) of the respondents were female, 50.83% had secondary education qualifications and 21.67% had primary education. Most (92.50%) of the respondents were introduced to intercropping and only 56.67% adopted it, 40.83% adopted mulching and few of the respondents adopted gully construction, plantation on degraded land and hedge establishment. Agricultural information was mainly obtained from the media. The major constraints to the adoption of agricultural conservation technologies were low yield, lack of technical know-how, shortage of land for farming, insufficient finance for farm operations, lack of capital, lack of motivation by extension agents, high cost of capital and low level of income. Also, household size, farm size, farm experience, shared experience among the farmers, financial access and training of new technologies significantly influence ACTs. Conclusion: Farmers with larger households were less likely to adopt ACTs but there is a higher chance of adoption when there is adequate training, an increase in the number of extension agents and a review of land reforms.
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