Background: The obstetric management of a pregnancy depends on the knowledge of an accurate gestational age particularly in unregistered case. Aim: The aim of the study is determine how accurately fetal kidney length (FKL) could estimate gestational age (GA) using ultrasonography. Materials and Methods: The study involved 200 participants with 20 to 40 weeks pregnancies, referred to the Radiology Department of Image Diagnostic Center, Rumuola Port Harcourt for obstetric ultrasound scan, within a three-month period. The left and right fetal kidney lengths were measured and data obtained were analyzed using SPSS version 23.0. Linear regression equations were deduced. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the measurements of the right and left kidneys. There was a strong positive correlation between gestational age (GA) and right kidney length (RKL) (r = .998, p < 0.01) and left kidney length (LKL) (r = .998, p < 0.01). Regression formulae used for predicting GA using right and left FKL was 9.9494(RKL) + 0.3058, and 9.9404(LKL) + 0.3468, respectively. Conclusion: FKL proved to be a reliable predictor of gestational age of pregnancies in the second and third trimesters.
Background: The cognitive and motor effects of sub-anesthetic doses of ketamine remain controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ketamine administration under anesthesia on cognitive function and motor responses in Wistar rats. Methods: Twenty-five Wistar rats were randomized into five groups of five rats each (n=5): group 1 (normal control), group 2 (1mg/kg ketamine), group 3 (2mg/kg ketamine), group 4 (3mg/kg ketamine) and group 5 (0.5ml/100g celecoxib). Treatment for each group lasted 3 weeks. Rats from each group were subjected to a total of nine (9) trials of cognitive-motor tests, including; the Barnes maze test (memory based on visual scenes), hand grip test (motor response to foreleg strength), rotarod test (coordination ability). The neurobehavioral ability displayed by the animals was recorded and analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: Observations from the cognitive function study showed a significant improvement (p<0.05) from week 1 to week 3. The quality of motor task performance also improved from week 1 to week 3 compared to control and celecoxib-treated groups. Conclusions: Sub-anesthetic doses of ketamine improved cognitive function and motor responses in Wistar rats.
Background: The lumbosacral angle (LSA), is a key morphometric parameter important in the management of patients with low back disorders. Aim: The study evaluated the relationship between age and lumbosacral angle of adult Nigerians. Methods: Two hundred and twenty-six (226) radiographs (113 males to 113 females) were obtained from Radiology departments of Federal Medical Centre (FMC), Owerri. Inclusion criteria were, lateral radiographs of lumbosacral region marked above 18 years of ages and only clear X-ray films were used.Using the Ferguson's approach, the lumbosacral angle was measured. All data obtained were expressed both in descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Both male and female categories showed a progressive increase in lumbosacral angle across age groups, but later decreased in the age group of 60 years and above. The mean lumbosacral angle of male subjects was 35.74° while that of females was 41.46°. There was a significant difference (t = 3.16, p = 0.002) between the lumbosacral angle of male and female categories. However, there was a weak, positive correlation between age and lumbosacral angle of males (r = 0.187) and females (r = 0.392). Conclusion: The males had a lower mean lumbosacral angle compared to the females. Age was significantly correlated with lumbosacral angle in both sexes.
Introduction: Dichlorvos (DDVP), an active ingredient of Sniper insecticide, is commonly used in Nigeria to control insects by killing them thereby preventing the spread of diseases. However, it can be highly toxic to humans when inhaled into the respiratory system which could elicit oxidative stress and cause respiratory infections. Vitamin C is known to be an anti-oxidant, capable of inhibiting oxidative stress. This study was aimed at investigating the ameliorating effect of vitamin C on dichlorvos-induced toxicity of the rat lung. Materials and methods: Forty (40) male wistar rats (weighing 150 – 200g) were recruited and randomly grouped into five (5) groups of eight (8) rats each. A group was the control; two groups were exposed to graded concentrations of DDVP while the last two groups were treated with vitamin C. Body weights were obtained before and after the period of 21-day exposure. After 21 days, histopathological and biochemical analysis were carried out to examine the level of toxicity of DDVP and effect of vitamin C treatment on the lung tissues. Results: Rat groups treated using vitamin C administration had significant improvements in body weights compared to DDVP-exposed groups. MDA levels as well as CATA and SOD activities increased significantly on vitamin C-treated rat groups (p < 0.05). Post treatment of rat groups with vitamin C showed that the lung histoarchitecture significantly improved. Conclusion: It can be concluded that Vitamin C could be a supplementary remedy in organophosphate (dichlorvos) poisoning through inhalation.
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