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Essential oil is a hydrophobic concentrated liquid which contains volatile aroma compounds from plants. Bambusa vulgaris grows widely in the tropical and subtropical regions and has been reported to have different ethnomedicinal values such as antimalaria and antioxidant. It is also known to be an ornamental plant. The essential oil was extracted from both the fresh and dried leaves of Bambusa vulgaris by hydrodistillation method using a Clevenger apparatus. The chemical constituents of the essential oils were characterized using gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The essential oils obtained are colourless with an herbal odour giving a yield of 0.64 w/w for the fresh sample and 1.08 w/w for the dried sample. A total of thirty-nine (39) compounds were identified from the essential oils of both samples. The major constituents in the fresh leaves were 3-aminodibenzofuran (19.2%), ?-ocimene (11.1%), undecane (9.6%), tridecane (8.6%), [3,2-b] pyridin-6-octahydropyrano (7.1%), 2-mono laurin (6.9%) and vinyl decanoate (5.9%). Prominent compounds of the essential oil in the dried leaves were chlorophenoxymethylenimino sulfur pentafluoride (74.5%) and 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedione (17.3%). Undecane, tridecane, hexadecane and octadecane were found both in the fresh and dried leaves. The chemical constituents of the essential oils from Nigeria Bambusa vulgaris were reported in this study for the first time to the best our knowledge and this could be useful in aromatherapy.

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We report the use of the aqueous extract of Peltophorum pterocarpum leaves (PPLE) as a source of relatively cheap and readily accessible reducing- and stabilizing agents for the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs).

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Alternanthera pungens Kunth commonly called khaki weed is from the family Amaranthaceae. It is a herbaceous perennial plant that has stems prostrate, rarely rising and about 10-50 cm long. The work was carried out due to the scarcity of information on the volatile constituents from the plant leaves despite works on the flower and other parts. The extraction of the essential oils from the dried leaves was carried out by the hydro distillation method using an all-glass Clevenger apparatus. The extracted oils were then analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of twelve constituents' representing 93.39% of A. Pungens oil with a yield of 0.4% (v/w) was obtained. The analysis of the GC-MS results of the leaf oil showed that it was dominated by â-ionone (42.18%) and hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (15.53%), others in trace amounts include; methyl palmitate (6.13%), 1octadecyne (4.72%), undecane (3.73%), para-mentha-1, 3, 8-triene (3.65%), isophytol (3.21%), ?cadinene (3.06%), 1, 2-dimethyl cyclooctene (3.05%), para-cymene (2.96%), phytol (2.67%) and neophytadiene (2.50%). The  common classes of compounds present in the leaves oil are aceto monocyclic monoterpenoid (42.18%), sesquiterpenoids (18.59%), hydrocarbons (11.50%), diterpenoids (8.38%), monoterpenes (6.61%) and fatty acids (6.13%).The constituents and the compositional pattern of essential oil identified from the leaves of Alternanthera pungens grown in Nigeria differ quantitatively and qualitatively from previously reported member of the genus and the presence of sesquiterpenoid as one of the major components of the oils justify the traditional use of the plants in treating pains, headaches and inflammations.

Owing to the common phenomenon of cyanide toxicity, this study focused on oxidative catalytic detoxification of aqueous cyanide in the presence of copper-crown chitosan nanofiber. To overcome the difficulty in electrospinning chitosan, chitosan-salicylaldehyde was initially synthesized via Schiff base condensation, electrospun, and post neutralised into chitosan nanofiber. The copper-crown nanofiber was prepared using the impregnation method. The nanofiber material was characterized using FT-IR, SEM, TGA and DSC. The observed pseudo first-order rate constant for the catalytic H2O2 oxidation of aqeous cyanide with copper-crown nanofiber as catalyst was found to be 16 times greater than the oxidation with only copper catalyst. In addition, the reaction was found to be dependent on the size of the copper-crown nanofiber, pH, temperature, and H2O2/CN-. The reusability of the copper-crown nanofiber catalyst makes the process economically and potentially viable for commercial application.

Greenwayodendron suaveolens (Engl.& Diels) is a tree that grows with a straight regular trunk, dark bark as well as a small crown with horizontal branches. Greenwayodendron suaveolens bark and roots are used for vermifuges, and as an aphrodisiac while the leaf is used as a pain-killer, and as a cure for dysenteries and fevers. The leaves of Greenwayodenron Suaveolens were collected at the biology farm of Olabisi Onabanjo University Ago-Iwoye Ogun State and extracted by hydro-distillation using Clevenger apparatus. The qualitative and quantitative analyses of the wet and dried leaf essential oil were performed using Gas Chromatography (GC) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). From the GC-MS analysis, a total of twenty-eight (28) compounds (98.01 %) were identified in the fresh sample, while the dried sample had fourteen (14) compounds representing 99.90 % of the constituents. The major components of Greenwayodendron Suaveolens essential oils were: terpenes 73.75 % and 67.91 %, oxygenated terpenes; 7.04 % and 9.24 % , hydrocarbons; 6.37 % and 24.89 % ,alcohols; 6.75 % and 2.81 % in the fresh and dried leaf oil samples while heterocyclic compounds 13.02 5 and esters 1.48 % were present only in the fresh leaf oil samples. The high percentage of terpenes in both oil samples could justify the traditional use of the plants in treating pains, headaches and inflammations. This study presents the results of the essential oil composition of the fresh and dried leaf samples of Greenwayodendron suavolens which will be useful in research.