Focus on cancer therapy is experiencing a major paradigm shift from ways of attacking tumor cells to a strategy for specifically targeting the tumor microenvironment (TME). This approach requires a comprehensive understanding of roles of each component of the tumor environment. A description of the tumor microenvironment and its impact on tumor progression is presented here. Available studies indicate that both tumor/epithelial and stroma characteristics play important roles in cancer progression. Details of this work show that different components of the tumor microenvironment contribute towards cancer progression and clearly suggest a role for use of combination therapies for tight tumor control.
It is now generally accepted that prostate cancer is the leading form of cancer in men. Current evidence indicates that countries including America and West Africa have more cases of aggressive progressive prostate cancer. Many treatment strategies have been used in management of prostate cancer. Since the discovery of androgen deprivation protocol seventy years ago, more treatment strategies have been reported which added more values to treatment outcome. However, death from this disease is due to resistance to androgen ablation therapy (AAT). Until recently, treatment of patients with disseminated prostate cancer was based on modalities that reduce AR signalling, either by direct androgen depletion (castration, e.g., surgical orchiectomy, luteinizing hormonereleasing hormone agonists), by blockage of the androgen receptor (AR) (e.g., flutamide, bicalutamide), or by combinations. In literature there is wide range of reports on diverse treatment strategies for prostate cancer; this often lead to serious confusion among clinicians and scientists, especially those new to the field. This study reviewed all the current available treatment strategies for androgen ablation therapy in management of hormone sensitive progressive prostate cancer, and highlights the merits and challenges involved in each of the treatments options. Thus, providing a
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