RESUMO Esse trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a contribuição de sistemas de informação e as tecnologias de rastreamento para a logística reversa de cadeias de resíduos de eletroeletrônicos. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio de um estudo de caso incorporado em uma cadeia de eletroeletrônicos no contexto brasileiro. Os resultados da pesquisa mostraram que as tecnologias e sistemas implementados na logística direta não são utilizados na logística reversa. Mesmo reconhecendo as tecnologias de rastreamento como uma alternativa para tornar mais eficientes a desmontagem e a reciclagem, prevalece uma visão de aumento de custos, que não contribui para o aumento de vendas e a lucratividade. Infere-se que a resistência dos representantes do setor de eletroeletrônicos em aderir ao acordo setorial, assinado apenas no final de 2019 e estabelecido pela Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS) em 2010, contribuiu para que empresas adiassem investimentos em sistemas de informação e tecnologias de rastreamento no Brasil.
The advancement of technology and the development of new electronic equipment with a reduced life cycle and lower prices have led to the replacement products at an accelerated pace and legislation has forced manufacturers to search for solutions. Reverse logistics is a process where the manufacturer performs the reverse flow of consumer products for possible remanufacturing, recycling, reuse or disposal in a correct way. Information technology plays a key role in mitigating or solving many of the problems in reverse flow. Product Recovery Management System (PRMS) integrates systems and databases of those involved in supply chain management, such as manufacturer, distributors, resellers, service centers and collection and recycling centers, along with use of technologies that allow the tracking and capture of product information in reverse flow, such as Radio-Frequency IDentification (RFID), bar code and integrated chip. The objective of this study is to analyze the contribution of information systems and tracking technologies for the reverse logistics of electronic and electrical waste chains. Through a single case study incorporated with units of analysis were researched: manufacturers, distributor, retailer, technical assistance, recyclers and cooperative. The instruments of data collection used were semi-structured interviews, documentary research and direct observation. The research results show that information systems and tracking technologies are present at all parts of the direct and reverse supply chain, but the systems interconnection is not effective. Tracking technologies such as RFID are present in manufacturing and in just one recycler. The bar code is used in the direct logistics between the manufacturer, the distributor and the retailer. The integrated chip is used to control cartridge, toner and ink supplies by the manufacturer in order to avoid the parallel recharge market. The fact that the sectoral agreement for electronic products and its components has not yet been signed in Brazil, is causing the delay in decisions and investments in information systems and tracking technologies by companies.
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