This paper highlights a need for a re-evaluation of equal opportunity policies and proposes more diversity training so as to prepare nurses to cope with an increasingly complex and diverse workforce.
PCa affects both members of the dyad as individuals, as well as the couple's relationship. How best to support couples and how to overcome difficulties in expressing their concerns to one another requires further consideration. Healthcare professionals should endeavour to employ a couple-focused approach where appropriate.
Objective: To explore adjustment strategies adopted by Black African (BA) and Black Caribbean (BC) men in the UK as a response to the impact of PCa diagnosis and treatment effects. Methods: Men were recruited through the UK-wide 'Life After Prostate Cancer Diagnosis' (LAPCD) survey. Telephone interviews were conducted with men (n=14) with BA and BC backgrounds between 18-42 months post-diagnosis. Data were analysed using a Framework approach. Results: Most men (n=12) were born outside the UK, were married (n=9) and employed (n=9). Median age was 66 years (range: 55-85). Six overarching themes emerged: a strong reliance upon faith beliefs; maintaining a 'positive' front; work as distraction; non-disclosure of diagnosis even amongst family members, influenced by stigma and masculinity concerns; active awareness-raising amongst a minority, and; support-seeking from close community. A few men emphasised a need to 'pitch' awareness-raising messages appropriately. Potential links existed between faith beliefs, presenting a positive front, community support-seeking and local awareness-raising. Conclusion: The provision of patient-centred care requires cultural sensitivity. Interventions that challenge stigma and mens' reluctance to disclose problems associated with PCa and treatment may encourage help-seeking for symptom support. Research is needed to determine how best awareness-raising messages should be conveyed to black men.
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More support and communication throughout the process are required to better inform patients of the outcomes of treatment. In addition, it would be beneficial to have open forums through which to encourage men to talk frankly about their masculine identities.
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