Vein of Galen malformations and Fahr's syndrome are rare neurological disorders. Their neurological manifestations may parallel, as is some radiological presentations in certain scenario. They may be congenital but that may be as far as their similarities go as they are pathologically distinct entities with clearly defined natural courses. The unusual parallel of their characteristic neuroradiological findings in the setting of vein of Galen malformations could becloud diagnosis, due to unfamiliarity with the manifestations as a result of their rarity. Our patient presented post-partial thrombosis of vein of Galen malformation. Neuroimaging showed typical intracranial calcifications of the basal ganglia, subcortical white matter, thalami and cerebellum. The radiological report identified the vein of Galen malformation but also noted that Fahr's syndrome should be ruled out. The occurrence of intracranial calcifications in the setting of vein of Galen malformation is not a usual event, and normally, in the literatures, vein of Galen malformation is not listed as a cause of multiple intracranial calcifications. Therefore, in such a setting, diagnostic dilemma may occur. We described this patient and reviewed the current literature to clarify mechanism of intracranial calcification formation in vein of Galen malformation.
A cavernous angioma (also known as a cavernous malformation or cavernoma) is a type of vascular malformation. Consisting of a low-pressure collection of vein-like vessels in the shape of caverns, cavernous angioma can occur anywhere in the brain or spinal cord. While it was originally believed that most vascular malformations are present at birth (congenital), cavernous malformation lesions may develop throughout the lifetime of the affected individual. There are no documented cases of cavernous malformation being the lead point in encephaloceles in current literature to our knowledge. Cavernous malformation presents as headaches, progressive neurologic deficits, seizures or bleeding but not as encephaloceles. We report two neonates, a male and female with histopathologic diagnosis of cavernous angioma that presented as frontonasal and occipital encephalocele.
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