This work is essentially a review of a density functional approach in multiphase hydrodynamics developed by the authors during the last 15 years [Dinariev, J Appl Math Mech 1995;59(5 Ce travail est essentiellement un examen d'une approche de la fonctionnelle de la densité dans une hydrodynamiqueà phases multiples créée par les auteurs au cours des quinze dernières années (Dinariev, 1995;Dinariev, 1998;Demyanov et Dinariev, 2004;Demianov et al., 2009;Dinariev et Evseev, 2010). L'hypothèse de base est une représentation de l'entropie ou de l'énergie de Helmholtz dans le mélange comme fonctionnelle qui dépend des densités des composants chimiques. Le système hydrodynamique deséquations (lois de conservation locales pour les composants chimiques, l'impulsion et l'énergie) est utilisé pour décrire les processusà phases multiples et les relations constituantes (expressions pour les stress, diffusion et flux de chaleur) sont dérivées du principe de l'augmentation de l'entropie. Les auteurs présentent les résultats de simulations numériques qui décrivent des systèmesà phases multiples statiques et dynamiques.
Fast and reliable EOR process selection is a critical step in any EOR project. The digital rock (DR) approach jointly developed by Shell and SLB is aimed to be the smallest scale yet advanced EOR Pilot technology. In this document, we describe the application of DR technology for screening of different EOR mechanisms at pore-scale focused to enhance recovery from a particular reservoir formation. For EOR applications DR brings unique capabilities as it can fully describe different multiphase flow properties at different regimes.
The vital part of the proposed approach is the high-efficient pore-scale simulation technology called Direct Hydrodynamics (DHD) Simulator. DHD is based on a density functional approach applied for hydrodynamics of complex systems. Currently, DHD is benchmarked against multiple analytical solutions and experimental tests and optimized for high performance (HPC) computing. It can handle many physical phenomena: multiphase compositional flows with phase transitions, different types of fluid-rock and fluid-fluid interactions with different types of fluid rheology. As an input data DHD uses 3D pore texture and composition of rocks with distributed micro-scale wetting properties and pore fluid model (PVT, rheology, diffusion coefficients, and adsorption model). In a particular case, the pore geometry comes from 3D X-ray microtomographic images of a rock sample. The fluid model is created from lab data on fluid characterization. The output contains the distribution of components, velocity and pressure fields at different stages of displacement process. Several case studies are demonstrated in this work and include comparative analysis of effectiveness of applications of different chemical EOR agents performed on digitized core samples.
Modeling of multiphase compositional hydrodynamics at nanoscale is performed by means of density functional hydrodynamics (DFH). DFH is the method based on density functional theory and continuum mechanics. This method has been developed by the authors over 20 years and used for modeling in various multiphase hydrodynamic applications. In this paper, DFH was further extended to encompass phenomena inherent in liquids at nanoscale. The new DFH extension is based on the introduction of external potentials for chemical components. These potentials are localized in the vicinity of solid surfaces and take account of the van der Waals forces. A set of numerical examples, including disjoining pressure, film precursors, anomalous rheology, liquid in contact with heterogeneous surface, capillary condensation, and forward and reverse osmosis, is presented to demonstrate modeling capabilities.
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