Background. Recently, with the emergence of new pathogenic viruses’ variants, attention is drawn to the functioning status of innate immunity components, which are able to neutralize unknown microorganisms at the early stages of infection. Therefore, the study of phagocytosis disorders in children with respiratory recurrent infectious diseases will supply the scientific data on the processes of age-dependent formation of antimicrobial protection. The purpose: to improve the diagnosis of innate immune disorders in preschool children with respiratory recurrent infectious on the background of new data on phagocytosis parameters. Materials and methods. Sixty children aged from 2 to 5 years were observed. Two groups were formed: 1) children with respiratory tract acute infectious more than 6 times per year (n = 30); 2) children with respiratory acute infectious 6 or fewer times per year (n = 30). Results. The children of group 1 presented with statistically significantly increased cases of low phagocytic counts (by 60.0 %, p < 0.05), phagocytic index (by 56.0 %, p < 0.05), index of phagocytosis completeness (70.0 %, p < 0.05), neutrophil phagocytic activity stimulated by Staphylococcus (50.0 %, p < 0.05) and high rates of spontaneous neutrophil phagocytic activity (43.3 %, p < 0.05), increased serum level of interleukin-1β (46.7 %, p < 0 05), interleukin-6 (43.3 %, p < 0.05), interleukin-10 (by 30.0 %, p < 0.05), TNF (by 46.7 %, p < 0.05). Conclusions. In children aged 2–5 years with respiratory acute infectious diseases more than 6 times per year, phagocytic dysfunction was established. It is manifested itself in a decrease of phagocytosis absorption and stimulated metabolic activity on the background of increased pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines serum level, ie cytokine imbalance.
Background. The study of the absorbing and cytokine-inducing function of phagocytosis is a mandatory starting point in assessing the state of anti-infective protection in children who suffer from frequent respiratory infections. It is important to understand and compare the features of phagocytosis in these children depending on their age. The purpose: to improve the diagnosis of immune disorders in children aged 2–5 and 6–10 years, who often suffer from acute respiratory diseases, by means of a comparative analysis of phagocytosis parameters and serum levels of some cytokines. Materials and methods. Under observation, there were 60 children aged 2 to 10 years who often suffer from acute infectious diseases of the respiratory tract. Two groups were formed: 1) children aged 2–5 years (n = 30); 2) children aged 6–10 years (n = 30). Results. Among patients of the first group compared to those of group 2, an increase in the frequency of low indicators of the phagocytic number (by 36.7 %, p < 0.05), phagocytic index (by 46.7 %, p < 0.05), the index of completion of phagocytosis (by 66.6 %, p < 0.05) and the staphylococcus-stimulated nitroblue tetrazolium test (by 46.4 %, p < 0.05), an increase in the frequency of high serum levels of interleukin-1β (by 33.3 %, p < 0.05), interleukin-10 (by 27.7 %, p < 0.05), a decrease in the frequency of high levels of interleukin-6 (by 16.7 %, p < 0.05). In the children of group 2 compared to those in the first one, high index of completion of phagocytosis was more often registered (by 70.0 %, p < 0.05), as well as more than a twofold increase in the ratio of interleukin-6/interleukin-10. Conclusions. In children aged 6–10 years, more frequent morbidity is due to a cytokine imbalance that was reflected in a more than a twofold increase in interleukin-6/interleukin-10 ratio, which is a negative factor indicating an enhancement of pro-inflammatory processes and a longer damage to the cells of the immune microenvironment.
Background. The imbalance of innate defense early mechanisms in children from pathogens — peroxidation and antioxidant system, can lead to a decrease in the efficiency of the entire immune system. The study of the lipid peroxidation (LPO) and antioxidant protection (AOP) status in children with recurrent acute respiratory diseases will complement the scientific data on the antimicrobial immunity formation processes. The study was aimed to increase the information value of timely detected pro- and antioxidant processes disorders in children with recurrent acute respiratory diseases by studying the primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary compounds of LPO and AOP in the serum. Materials and methods. Sixty children aged from 2 to 5 years were examined. Two groups were formed: group 1 — children with respiratory acute infectious more than six times per year (n = 30); group 2 — children with respiratory acute infectious six or fewer times per year (n = 30). Results. The children in group 1 more often presented with high serum levels of lipid hydroperoxides (by 80.0 %; p < 0.05), diene conjugates (by 80.0 %; p < 0.05), malonic dialdehyde (76.7 %; p < 0.05), diene ketones (76.7 %; p < 0.05), Schiff bases (76.7 %; p < 0.05). ceruloplasmin (80.0 %; p < 0.05), superoxide dismutase (80.0 %; p < 0.05), glutathione peroxidase (86.7 %; p < 0.05), catalase activity (86.7 %; p < 0.05). The values of retinol, tocopherol, ascorbic acid in children in the observation groups did not differ statistically significantly. Conclusions. The children aged from 2 to 5 years old with recurrent acute respiratory diseases have an imbalance of the LPO and AOP systems. It was characterized by a simultaneous increase in the serum content of the primary, secondary, and end-products of LPO, enzymes of anti-peroxide and anti-oxygen protection against the background of the lack of adaptive increase in the content of anti-radical compounds.
Purpose of the study. To improve of innate immune disorders diagnosis in preschool children with respiratory tract recurrent infectious diseases on the basis of new data of phagocytosis parameters by studying its absorption and prooxidant characteristics. Materials and methods. Under observation were 60 children aged 2 to 5 years. Two groups were formed: 1). children with respiratory tract acute infectious more than 6 times in year (n = 30); 2). children with respiratory tract acute infectious 6 or less times in year (n = 30). Results. Among children in 1 group, statistically significantly increased the registration quantity of low phagocytic counts (by 60,0%, p < 0,05), phagocytic index (by 56,0%, p < 0,05), index of phagocytosis completeness (70,0%, p < 0,05), neutrophil phagocytic activity stimulated by staphylococcus (50,0%, p < 0,05) and high rates of spontaneous neutrophil phagocytic activity (43,3%, p < 0,05), high serum levels of lipid hydroperoxides (by 80,0%, p < 0,05), diene conjugates (by 80,0%, p < 0,05), malonic dialdehyde (76,7%, p < 0.05), diene ketones (76,7%, p < 0,05), Schiff bases (76,7%, p < 0,05). Conclusion. In children 2–5 years with respiratory tract acute infectious more than 6 times in year the phagocytic dysfunction and increased lipid peroxidation were established. It is characterizing the failure and slowness of the early immune response.
Актуальність. Після зараження респіраторними вірусами спостерігається підвищена продукція прозапальних цитокінів, включно з фактором некрозу пухлини α (ФНП-α), інтерлейкіном (IL) 6, IL-1β, які призводять до перехресної активації нейроендокринної імунної системи, що здатно погіршувати фагоцитоз з підвищенням захворюваності на гострі респіраторні захворювання (ГРЗ), формуючи порочне коло. Мета дослідження: підвищення ефективності діагностики імунних порушень при частих ГРЗ у дітей віком 2–5 років шляхом порівняльного аналізу даних, отриманих на підставі дослідження деяких параметрів фагоцитозу, сироваткових рівнів прозапальних цитокінів та продуктів перекисного окиснення ліпідів (ПОЛ). Матеріали та методи. Під спостереженням перебували 60 дітей віком від 2 до 5 років, з яких було сформовано 2 групи: 1) діти, які часто хворіють на гострі інфекційні захворювання респіраторного тракту (n = 30); 2) діти, які хворіють на гострі інфекційні захворювання респіраторного тракту менше ніж 6 разів на рік (n = 30). Результати. Серед дітей 1-ї групи була збільшена частота реєстрації низьких показників фагоцитарного числа (на 60,0 %, р < 0,05), фагоцитарного індексу (на 56,0 %, р < 0,05), індексу завершеності фагоцитозу (на 70,0 %, р < 0,05), стимульованого стафілококом НСТ-тесту (на 50,0 %, р < 0,05) та високих показників спонтанного НСТ-тесту (на 43,3 %, р < 0,05), вмісту у сироватці крові інтерлейкіну-1β (на 46,7 %, р < 0,05), інтерлейкіну-6 (на 43,3 %, р < 0,05), інтерлейкіну-10 (на 30,0 %, р < 0,05), ФНП-α (на 46,7 %, р < 0,05); відзначалося збільшення співвідношення інтерлейкіну-6/-10 в 2 та більше рази, високих показників гідроперекисів ліпідів (на 80,0 %, р < 0,05), дієнових кон’югат (на 80,0 %, р < 0,05), малонового діальдегіду (на 76,7 %, р < 0,05), дієнових кетонів (на 76,7 %, р < 0,05), шифових основ (на 76,7 %, р < 0,05). Висновки. Діти віком 2–5 років, які часто хворіють на ГРЗ, мають особливості поглинальної, цитокініндукуючої й метаболічної функцій фагоцитозу, що проявилося у збільшенні сироваткової концентрації прозапальних цитокінів та продуктів усіх стадій перекисного окиснення ліпідів клітинних мембран.
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