We measure 114 nuclide-production cross sections for an isotopically enriched 208 Pb target bombarded with 1.0 GeV protons. The cross sections are determined using direct ␥ spectrometry with a high-resolution Ge detector. The cross sections are compared to another experiment which used ␥ spectrometry with a natural Pb target; our results average 7.5% less for nuclides measured in common. They are also compared to a kinematically inverse reaction of 1 GeV/nucleon 208 Pb interacting with a hydrogen target; we find our results average 15% higher than those for ͑a different set of͒ common nuclides. We find there is a systematic discrepancy between the cross sections found from the two very different experimental techniques. We also compare our measurements to eight different models. We find most are fairly reliable in predicting cross sections for nuclides not too far away in mass from Pb, but differ greatly in their reliability for nuclides in the deepspallation and fission mass regions. In the spallation region (Aտ155), the CEM2K code, which includes an intranuclear cascade, followed by a preequilibrium stage, leading finally to equilibrium decay, gives the best representation of our data. In the center of the fission/fragmentation mass region, the INUCL code is the most accurate. INUCL includes the same basic ingredients of cascade, preequilibrium, and evaporation, but differs considerably in details. It also contains a comprehensive fission model, which is lacking in CEM2K. No simulation code tested is reliable for the entire mass range of nuclides measured.
The results of experimental and computer simulation studies of the yields of residual product nuclei in 209 Bi thin targets irradiated by 130 MeV and 1.5 GeV protons are presented. The yields were measured by direct high-precision γ-spectrometry. The γ-spectrometer resolution was 1.8 keV in the 1332 keV line. The γ-spectra were processed by the ASPRO code. The γ-lines were identified, and the cross sections defined, by the SIGMA code using the GDISP radioactive database. The process was monitored by the 27 Al(p,x) 24 Na reaction. Results are presented for comparisons between the 209 Bi(p,x) reaction yields obtained experimentally and simulated by the HETC, GNASH, LAHET, INUCL, CEM95, CASCADE, and ALICE codes.
In this report, the purpose and status of the currently constructed ITEP experimental accelerator driven system (XADS) are discussed. This hybrid electro-nuclear facility of moderate power integrates the pulse proton linac (36 MeV, 0.5 mA) and heavy water sub-critical blanket assembly (heat power of 100 kW). Most parts of the equipment units are ordered for industrial manufacturing and some are under development. The facility is supposed to be used for investigations of a wide range of problems concerning both the target-blanket assembly and the accelerator-driver and at the same time explore the dynamical processes arising during their combined operation. Some other applications of the proton beam and neutron source are also discussed. It is possible in future to increase the current and energy of proton or heavy ion beam.
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