We present the results of modelling the polarization produced during planetary transits in the systems HD 189733, TrES‐3, Wasp‐4 and Wasp‐25, using the Monte Carlo method. Polarization maxima at the limb are calculated to be ∼0.022 per cent for HD 189733 with stellar polarization according to Chandrasekhar. The polarization for the system HD 189733 of ∼0.022 per cent is close to that previously published, although this was attributed to scattering of starlight, rather than produced in transit. Using three‐dimensional modelling data for the linear polarization of the Sun’s continuous spectrum, the limb polarization of the solar‐type stars Wasp‐25 was calculated to be ∼0.00018 per cent, ∼0.00024 per cent for TrES‐3 and ∼0.00016 per cent for Wasp‐4 in the B band. It is noted that observations of the Sun‐like stars in the Ti I 4536 Å spectral line are particularly suitable for distinguishing between different contributions to the polarization. Also, the shape of the polarization curves, at the near limb transits, can be used for obtaining the inclination of the planet orbit, as a good alternative to standard transit methods.

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system consists of the Sun, large (classical), dwarf, small planets and their satellites, comets, meteoroids, small meteoritic particles and dust grains. The eight classical planets are divided into terrestrial planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars) and giant planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune). The main components of the Earth-like planets atmospheres are nitrogen and carbon dioxide. The formation of the terrestrial planets' traced in some detail, calculated the distance between the planets, their mass, orbital period around the Sun, the inclination of the axis satisfactorily agree with observational data. Terrestrial planets have much in common: small size and weight, the average density is several times greater than the density of water, slow rotation around its axis, few satellites or lack thereof, hard surface and so on. There are volcanoes on Venus, Earth and Mars, and in the surface layers of all four planets more or less traces of tectonic activity (mountain building processes) and intense meteorite bombardment as one of the main factors of the Mars and Mercury surface formation. On Earth meteor crater almost completely obliterated by tectonic and erosional processes while they survived much better on Venus. Ключевые слова: планеты земного типа; внутреннее строение планет; космический аппарат.

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