We have revealed an electron emission on the switching of extrinsic gadolinium molybdate ferroelectric-ferroelastic in electric field. Visualization of the electron flow allows directly watching of the domain structure dynamics: formation and growth of tapered domains and lateral movement of the 180° domain wall. We have found that the electron emission contributes substantially to the screening processes in the case of a crystal with free surface.
Influence of the calcium concentration on the pyroelectric and dielectric properties of Ca x Ba 1-x Nb 2 O 6 (CBN) crystals in a wide temperature range was studied. It is shown that calcium content (x) has an influence on the Curie point position but has no effect on the dielectric hysteresis loop shape and the appearance of temperature variations of dielectric permittivity, coercive field and remanent polarization. At the same time, it is found that x affects the polarization profile.
Keywords: ferroelectric materials, pyroelectric effect, dielectric permittivity, calcium barium niobate single crystal.Corresponding author e-mail: Olga.Malyshkina@mail.ru
IntroductionFerroelectric crystals with the tetragonal tungsten bronze structure (TBS) are widely studied objects of physics of heterogeneous media. These systems are featured in a number of useful properties including piezoelectric, electro-optic, photorefractive and pyroelectric ones
In this work, the thermal square wave method at single-frequency (TSWM) was applied to functionally graded BaTi 1−x Sn x O 3 samples with a tin gradient of 0.075≤x≤0.15. The samples were fabricated by sintering of bi-, tri-and tetramorph green bodies. The polarization at the back side with a higher tin content was in opposite direction to the polarization of the surface with a lower tin content. This was attributed to the appearance of a space charge layer. The determined depth profiles of the pyroelectric coefficient illustrate the appearance of a nearly constant polarization in the region of lower tin concentration of tri-and tetramorph samples. The pyroelectric coefficient profiles were in good agreement with the averaged over sample thickness pyroelectric coefficient obtained separately by the quasistatic method.
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