The introduction of strict quarantine restrictions in many countries initiated a direction in science to study the behavioral characteristics of children and adolescents during the social isolation at the population level. We present our observations during the two lockdowns in Ukraine. The objective of this study was to determine: a) the level of light (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous (MVPA) physical activity among school-age children, and b) the impact of the external and internal factors on their physical activity during the lockdown. Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) as part of our questionnaire Q-RAPH was used. Parents of 1091 children 6–18 years old (54% boys) filled Q-RAPH at two measurement points in 2020 and 2021. After performing ANCOVA and logistic regression, we found a significant decrease in MVPA by 12.7% in 2021 compared to 2020 ( p ​< ​0.001) while LPA was about 1.5 ​h a day during both periods. The proportion of children who reach the recommended levels of MVPA also decreased by 13.7% in 2021 ( p ​< ​0.001). Factors negatively affecting the achievement of 60 ​min a day of MVPA were female gender, chronic diseases, overweight/obesity, non-participation in organized sports, and a decrease in the average air temperature. This study evidences the insufficient level of preventive measures and requires an intensification of health education among the Ukrainian population. When developing preventive measures, special attention should be paid to groups vulnerable to MVPA reduction as children who have chronic diseases and/or overweight/obesity as well as non-participation in sports.

No abstract

For the effective and safe implementation of quarantine measures for the prevention of infectious diseases, it is necessary to a create the conditions for the maintenance of physical and mental health of the population, especially of the children and adolescents, the most vulnerable part of it. The monitoring of quarantine conditions, as well as a lifestyle of children with the identification of possible negative factors affecting the health of schoolchildren, is a prerequisite of it. Objective: We assessed the living conditions of school-age children during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. Materials and methods: We analyzed the results of the online survey of the parents of 920 children and adolescents from all regions of Ukraine (497 boys and 432 girls). All respondents signed informed consent. Data were collected from April 17 to June 5, 2020. We applied STATISTICA 8.0 for statistical analysis. Results: Only (59.4±1.7)% of urban and (33.1±4.3)% of rural families with school-age children adhered to quarantine rules (p<0.001). The probability of the deviation from the quarantine rules is 1.7 times higher in rural regions than in urban ones (RR=1.65; CI 1.42-1.92; p<0.001), and 1.4 times higher in the parents with secondary education than in the parents with higher education (RR = 1.41; CI 1.22-1.62; p<0.001). (25.0±1.4)% of school-age children were determined not to leave their homes during the lockdown. About 60% of school-age children went for a walk 1-7 times a week (10-60 min/day). Proportion of children and adolescents with walk duration of more than 60 min/day with a frequency of 5-7 times a week during quarantine made up only (10.3±1.0)%, while before quarantine - 48.5%. Conclusions: Revealed trends demonstrate a need for the development and promotion of the measures for the rise of the population awareness on the importance of compliance with quarantine rules, taking into account demographic and social characteristics. It is necessary to develop ways to achieve optimal duration of outdoor walk for children.

One of the main conditions for the birth of a healthy baby is the gynecological health of the mother. For this reason, the purpose of the work was to assess the state of gynecological health of women in the Kyiv region. In this work, we used the data of departmental statistical reporting of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine about the number of cases of gynecological pathology from 2010-2017. The number of women of the corresponding age was determined according to the State Statistics Service of Ukraine. The relative risk of pathology (taking into account the 95 % confidence interval) from 2010-2013, 2014-2017 in the Kyiv region was evaluated in comparison with the general indicators in Ukraine as well as from 2014-2017 compared to 2010-2013 in the Kyiv region and general data in Ukraine. Separately for the Kyiv region, the frequency of gynecological pathology was determined among women of reproductive age (707 women), who visited Municipal Institution of Kyiv Regional Council “Kyiv Regional Centre for the Mother and Child Health Defense” from 2014 to 2017. The average age of women was 31.66±0.37. In most cases, the residents of the Kyiv region were diagnosed with chronic inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs (salpingitis, 21.6 ‰). The relative risks of the occurrence of such diseases were determined in the region, compared with Ukraine, and over time. Those, who had menstrual disorders, hyperproliferative processes of the endometrium were more often recorded (10.8% versus 3.1%, p<0.01), and those with inflammatory processes of the pelvic organs more often had cervical dysplasia (19.8 % versus 4.7 %, p<0.001), chronic diseases of the genitourinary system (7.1 % versus 3.2 %, p<0.05) and digestive organs (17.3 % versus 9.6 %, p<0.01), which indicates a possible pathogenetic role of the inflammatory factor in the development of gynecological pathology. The relative risk of gynecological diseases among the women in the Kyiv region showed that the greatest attention is needed to improving the diagnostics of infertility and endometriosis, as well as the prevention and treatment of salpingitis and uterine cancer. Women with menstrual disorder during their visit to a gynecologist should be checked for the presence of hyperproliferative pathology and, in case a woman is diagnosed with other chronic diseases, they should be offered treatment of these areas of inflammation, which can further positively affect their reproductive health.

Мета: аналіз деяких порушень репродуктивного здоров'я жінок мешканок радіоактивно забруднених та чистих територій України. Матеріали та методи. Проведено аналіз даних щодо порушень менструального циклу (ПМЦ), раку тіла матки (ТМ), запальних захворювань шийки матки (ЗЗШМ), які взято зі статистичної звітності МОЗ України, даних Дер жавної служби статистики України та Київського обласного центру охорони здоров'я матері та дитини за період 2007-2017 рр., залежно від проживання в радіоактивно забрудненому або чистому населеному пункті.