The results of research in a stationary study, based in 1992 on gray forest coarse-grained loamy soil, on the impact of long-term chemical reclamation and0,0 various supply systems (mineral, organic, organo-mineral) on the nitrogen regime. Nitrogen is extremely important in agriculture, as all processes, photosynthesis, volume of substances and distribution of the level of yield and its quality are impossible without this element. In the total coverage of the country, the share of soils of forest origin exceeds 33 %, and among agricultural lands – 25 %. Given the content of humus and its total reserves, the integrated indicator of soil formation and the most important characteristic that determines the overall habit of the soil, in the articles above, change it from the above factors. It can also be shown that the content of gross nitrogen reflects the humus content, which is determined and differs from the humus content of the residual. There is a high density correlation between these indicators for all different studies (r = 0,991). The obtained data indicate that only with the use of greens and by-products of precursors and measured doses of mineral fertilizers with the use of liming achieved by the size of the total nitrogen to the initial level. The growth of the composition is 0,36 – 0,45 t / ha and in this case we can state the expansion of its reproduction. Only after mineralization nitrogen of organic compounds becomes available to plants. The form of nitrogen, which is easily hydrolyzed, is a fairly reliable indicator of the provision of this element. To classify the test content with the content of mobile compounds 81,2 – 103 mg / kg belong to the user groups with a very high degree of supply, but the degree hydrolyzes organic substances in high quantities (9,6 – 10,2 %). With the combined use of green manures, non-marketable plant products, single doses of mineral fertilizers in a combination of lime achieved growth of 27,5 % on the restoration to control of this form of nitrogen. For the above complex of nutrients at an increased content of 16,5 mg/kg to control the amount of N-NO3- + N-NH4 +, as well as 7,4 mg / kg of nitrifying capacity of the soil. The studied gray forest soils belong to the group of soils with low humus content and its total reserves, which are inherited from the original pedogenesis and modern soil formation processes. Under the influence of a set of agronomic measures for a long time the type of humus does not change, which indicates the invariability of the direction of soil formation
The studies summarized and analyzed the results of radiological contamination of soil in Kiev region over thirty years after the Chernobyl accident. These findings on individual farms and areas were to deter- mine the concentrations of radiological (radioactive) contamination of agricultural lands of Kiev region. It is found that the radiation situation is somewhat improved.
One of the most common soils in Ukraine is soilsof forest origin. These soils are a valuable agriculturalfund, the rational use of which is impossible withouta detailed study of their pedogenesis, physicochemical and other properties in general. These soils were formed under the conditions of the washing water regime and are marked by the acid reaction of the soil solution. The latter contributes to the leaching of bases from the humus-eluvial horizon, which changes the ionic balance in the soil solution and reduces the degree of saturation of the soil absorption complex, which is a set of mineral, organic and organo-mineral components of solid soil capable of iona. The absorptive capacity of soils is one of the most important functions, as it is directly involved in the processes of soil formation and the formation of their fertility. Studies conducted in a long-term field experiment established in 1992 on gray forest soil to determine agrogenic factors, namely — long-term use of various fertilizer systems (mineral green manure and plant by-products and organo-mineral system) and liming, showed changes in the structure of exchange cations the soil-absorbing complex (GVK) and physicochemical properties of the studied soil under conditions ofits intensive use as «arable land» in order to increaseits effective fertility. For a more objective assessment of the above factors for changes in the absorption complex of the soil, the obtained results were compared not only with absolute control, but also tied to the initial state, i.e. the soil of the virgin area located near the experimental field. Against the background of research, it was found that fertilizer systems have different effects on the content of exchange bases in GVK and their ratio, the amount of exchange cations, the absorption capacity of cations and the degree of soil saturation with bases. Liming of acid soils for a long time reduces acidity and improves the complex of properties that affect thelevel of fertility. The application of ameliorant givesa noticeable (on sod-podzolic soil) or significant (onchernozem) increase in yield. The use of mineral fertilizers on calcareous soils has a much greater effect. The positive influence of chemical ameliorants on physicochemical properties of gray forest soil is noted. The content of calcium and magnesium exchange in the soil absorption complex increases, the ratio between them improves, and the absorption content increases.
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