Л е м е и к а я A .B ., К у н е р у к Т . К . , М о в ч а н В .А .Институт медицины труда АМ Н Украины, г. Киев Нанотехнологическая революция стала причиной нового витка в развитии машиностроения, информационных тех нологий, медицинской диагностики и обусловила появление новой «субкатегории» токсикологии -нанотоксиколо гии. Предполагается, что наночастицы, присутствующие в воздухе рабочей зоны, могут способствовать повышению заболеваемости и смертности от патологии дыхательной и сердечно-сосудистой систем вследствие специфической токсикологической роли ультрадисперсных частиц. Изучение биологических свойств и роли наночастиц в развитии профессионально обусловленной патологии является одной из актуальных проблем как в мире, так и в Украине.
The concentration of ultrafine particles at welder's workplace was investigated. It is confirmed that ultrafine particles with diameters < 100 nm are generated in welding and enter the workplace zone. Also, it is found that the concentration of ultrafine particles depends on the сomposition and diameter of a welding electrode as well as on the distance from the welding shelter zone. It is advisable to continue studies on the regulation of ultrafine particles, generated in welding of different types.
The results of investigations of the levels of evolution, chemical composition and cytotoxicity of harmful substances evolved during welding by chromium-nickel high-alloy electrodes are presented in order to improve their sanitary-hygienic characteristics. It is shown that in order to create new grades of welding electrodes with the improved hygienic characteristics, it is necessary to possess not only the data of initial sanitary-hygienic evaluation, but also to have the results of biological investigations of WA toxicity. It was established that the application of a binder based on pure lithium or lithium-sodium potassium liquid glass in the electrodes coating instead of potassium-sodium allows reducing the level of evolution of welding aerosol into air, decreasing the content of highly-toxic hexavalent chromium in it and, therefore, its general toxicity.
Інститут медицини праці імені Ю. І. Кундієва Національної академії медичних наук України», м. Київ 2 Вища школа фармацевтичних наук Нагойського університету, м. Нагоя, Японія
Background. In the present situation, when production and use of nanomaterials are developing very quickly, assessment of risks in the field of nanotechnologies, hygienic regulation, exposure control of nanomaterials at workplace, becomes a tasks of high priority. All these need an assessment of workers' exposure to nanoparticles in occupational settings. Purpose. To determine nanoparticle emissions to the air of the working zone in different work activities and to evaluate modern methods of the exposure control of nanomaterials at workplace. Materials and methods. A concentration of nanoparticles in the air of the working zone was measured by the diffusion aerosol spectrometer DAS-2702. Results. According to levels of nanoparticle emissions to the air of the working zone, the E-beam synthesis in vacuum as well as traditional industrial processes (electric welding, secondary lead melting) are the most potentially dangerous. Conclusions. Nanoparticle emissions to the air of the working zone can occur in both nanotechnological and traditional processes. An exposure control is needed in both situations and requires modern measuring devices and specially developed sampling methods.
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