Aim. The aim of this study was to carry out passportization of cultivars, varieties and hybrids of perennial grass crops: Alopecurus protensis, Agropyron cristatum, Lolium perenne, Lolium miltiflorum, Festuca protensis, Festuca arundinasea, hybrids Festulolium. Methods. The perennial grasses selection was carried out by embryo culture according to methodical recommendations. For the molecular-genetic passportization of perennial grasses varieties the polymorphous primers have been selected – 9 RAPD primers and 15 ISSR primers. Results. Multilocus DNA labeling have allowed to differentiate all the genotypes being studied, to develop and to create the unique profiles for each of them and to calculate the genetic distance of congeniality/distances. On the base of RAPD/ISSR, SCoT spectra the 14 molecular-genetic passports of perennial grass cops have been obtained for the first time.
Keywords: grass crops, molecular-genetic passport, DNA, PCR, multipoint mapping RAPD/ISSR spectra.
Aim. To form the varietal population of festulolium intergeneric hybrids of Festuca arundinacea morphotype. To carry out DNA-labeling of created festulolium hybrid plants and parental forms. Methods. The festulolium intergeneric hybrid’s creation was carried out by embryo culture method from an immature caryopsis by growing on a nutrient medium. For the plant genotypes labeling the multilocus primers associated with coding DNA regions (Start Codon Targeted (SCoT) Polymorphism), SRAP (Sequence-related amplified polymorphism) have been selected. Results. The viable plants of intergeneric festulolium hybrids of Festuca arundinacea morphotype have been obtained. To select the best festulolium biotypes for variety populations with high feed and seed productivity formation. A system for hybrid plants genotypes and their parental forms registration in the form of molecular genetic passports have been elaborated. The genetic passports reflects the allele’s composition in loci associated with DNA coding sequences. Conclusions. The best biotypes with economically valuable traits were selected and included in the further selection process. The molecular genetic passports of hybrid festulolium plants and parental forms were composed.
Keywords: festulolium, immature caryopsis, biotypes, DNA, PCR, molecular genetic passports.
The study revealed the results of the comparative analysis of the deoxyribonucleoproteid complex (chromatin) lipid composition in the callus and explant nuclei of plants, belonging to different systematic groups (winter rye, potatoes, peas). It provided the data on the phospho- and neutral lipid composition of the investigated plants and showed that the phospholipid content in the explants from dormant winter rye seed embryos and potato stems, having low metabolic activity, is significantly higher than in the calluses in the stage of active proliferation. Both winter rye and potato calluses tend to have a lower share of neutral lipids, including sterols, in their composition. The revealed factors can be used as markers of metabolic activity of the plant cell biology objects (callus and cell cultures).
There are presented the results of a comparative study in an experimental culture in the central agro-climatic zone of Belarus, the influence of the method vegetative propagation of plants (cuttings and microclonal) on antioxidant and enzymatic (catalase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase)activity of fruits of early ripening (Weymouth) and late ripening (Elizabeth and Atlantik) varieties V. corymbosum L. It was shown that against the background of significant genotypic differences dependence of the studied characteristics of the antioxidant complex on the method reproduction, the fruits of meristemic plants were characterized by 5–21 % higher activity of catalase and especially peroxidase in comparison with traditional analogues, but at the same time 13 % lower activity of polyphenol oxidase in varieties Weymouth and Atlantik and 8 % higher in Elizabeth. Based on analysis correlations between the indicated components of the antioxidant a complex of plant fruits obtained in different ways, on the one hand, and the content in them of ascorbic and hydroxycinnamic acids, pectin substances, actually anthocyanins, leukoanthocyanins, catechins and flavonols, on the other hand, the differences between meristem and traditional plants have been established according to sources of antioxidant and enzymatic activity.
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