The "Flora of Russia" project on iNaturalist brought together professional scientists and amateur naturalists from all over the country. Over 10,000 people were involved in the data collection.
Within 20 months, the participants accumulated 750,143 photo observations of 6,857 species of the Russian flora. This constitutes the largest dataset of open spatial data on the country’s biodiversity and a leading source of data on the current state of the national flora. About 87% of all project data, i.e. 652,285 observations, are available under free licences (CC0, CC-BY, CC-BY-NC) and can be freely used in scientific, educational and environmental activities.
International trade is in continuous development that results in need of development of adequate answers from the international economic institutes participating in her regulation. The authors conclude that the initiatives of international organizations in the global regulation of e-commerce are far behind business practices. Despite the dynamic development of the digital economy, international institutions have not yet been able to work out control mechanisms at the multilateral level. Therefore, today the WTO and a number of other international organizations are facing the need to develop new mechanisms for regulating trade in the conditions of digitalization. This will largely depend not only on the new rules of trade policy, but also on the future of these organizations, their placement in the hierarchy of influence of international institutions. The article shows that countries manage to regulate various aspects of e-commerce more comprehensively at the bilateral and plurilateral levels. The use of digital trade regulations developed at the regional and plurilateral levels, as well as the cooperation of countries at other sites (APEC, OECD, G20), may facilitate the creation of future WTO agreements governing digital trade.
In the last 15 years the reciprocity of regional trade agreements on services
has become a global phenomenon. Whereas main provisions regulating access to
the services market are fixed by specific obligations under the General
Agreement on Trade in Services, RTAs have been considered a flexible means
for liberalization and an expedient to protect national service providers.
This article explores the role of the GATS and other agreements, both under
and not under the mandate of the World Trade Organization, in trade blocs.
The econometric model developed by the authors shows that the removal of
restrictions for foreign suppliers under domestic regulation (consumer
protection, regulation of labor market) and the elimination of discriminatory
measures on foreign investments that affect trade in goods are likely to be
more important for the expansion of services trade on a preferential basis
than the GATS-type liberalization.
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