There are many clinical evidences that hyperuricemia is a risk factor for the development of peripheral carotid and coronary vascular diseases. However, the mechanism of elevated uric acid concentration in biological systems is not yet clear. In the present work Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was used to evaluate the mechanism of calcification and plaque formation in carotid arteries in hyperuricaemic patients. Comparison between the spectra of carotid arteries from patients with elevated uric acid values and spectra obtained from patients with normal uric acid values showed structural changes of the characteristic spectral bands in the region 4000-500 cm -1 . These changes were related with changes in the concentration of the serum uric acid and the clinical history of the patients. The intensity decrease of the infrared bands in the region 1650-1500 cm -1 was associated with the decrease of the apolipoprotein ratio, ApoI/ApoII, which corresponds to HDL (High Density Lipoproteins) and the regulation of the LDL (Low Density Lipoproteins), which are related to oxidation stress. The infrared band at 1467 cm -1 indicated the presence of urea components as a result of the metabolic pathway. The shape and the intensity of the bands between 1250-900 cm -1 depend on the glycation-end products of the diseases. SEM-EDX chemical analysis showed fibril formation and molybdenum release in hyperuricaemic patients.
Background The atherosclerotic ascending aorta could represent a potential source of emboli or could be an indicator of atherosclerosis in general with high mortality. The mechanism of aneurysm formation and atherosclerosis of the ascending aorta at the molecular level has not yet been clarified. To approach the mechanism of ascending aortic lesions and mineralization at a molecular level, we used the non-destructive FT-IR, Raman spectroscopy, SEM and Hypermicroscope. Methods Six ascending aorta biopsies were obtained from patients who underwent aortic valve replacement (AVR) cardiac surgery. CytoViva (einst inc) hyperspectral microscope was used to obtain the images of ascending aorta. The samples were dissolved in hexane on a microscope glass plate. The FT-IR and Raman spectra were recorded with Nicolet 6700 thermoshintific and micro-Raman Reinshaw (785nm, 145 mwatt), respectively. The architecture of ascending aorta biopsies was obtained by using scanning electron microscope (SEM of Fei Co) without any coating. Results FT-IR and Raman spectra showed changes arising from the increasing of lipophilic environment and aggregate formation (Fig. 1). The band at 1744 cm–1 is attributed to aldehyde CHO mode due to oxidation of lipids. The shifts of the bands of the amide I and amide II bands to lower are associated with protein damage, in agreement with SEM data. The bands at about 1170–1000 cm–1 resulted from the C-O-C of advanced glycation products as result of connecting tissues fragmentations and polymerization. The spectroscopic data were analogous with the lesions observed with SEM and hypermicroscopic images. Conclusions The present innovate molecular structure analysis showed that upon ascending aorta aneurysm development an excess of lipophilic aggregate formation and protein lesions, changing the elasticity of the aorta's wall. The released Ca2+ interacted mostly with carbonate-terminal of cellular protein chains accelerated the ascending aorta calcifications. Figure 1. FT-IR and Raman spectra Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of UV irradiation on streptozotocin-induced diabetic skin. 42 hairless male mice were divided into three groups of control non-diabetic and with dose of streptozotocin 20 and 30 mg/kg. Both FT-IR and Raman spectra showed considerable changes between the diabetic and non-diabetic mice, as well as after irradiation. The most important changes between healthy and diabetic groups were observed in the reduction of vOH intensity absorption bands (4000-3600 cm -1 ), resulting from dehydration of the skin and hyaluronic acid degradation. The increase of the absorption bands of symmetric and antisymmetric methylene groups in the spectral region 3000-2850 cm -1 is related to the increased lipophilic environment of diabetic mice skin. The intensity of these bands increases further upon irradiation. The characteristic "marker band" for the oxidative stress at 1744 cm -1 , due to malondialdehyde formation, increases upon irradiation and it is higher in diabetic tissues. The absorption bands of amide I at 1650 cm -1 and amide II at 1550 cm -1 shift to higher and lower frequencies, respectively, concerning the production of amyloid like proteins, in agreement with the increase of the lipophilic environment. These shifts are more pronounced in infrared spectra. The band at 1171 cm -1 , assigned to C-O-C vibration, increases upon diabetes and skin cancer development. It is important to notice that the mice who received 30 mg/kg streptozotocin showed high resistance to UV irradiation. It seems that streptozotocin inhibits the free radicals, which are produced by UV radiation, to interact with important biological molecules. The protective role of streptozotocin on diabetic mice skin from UV irradiation are unclear. The above observations were in agreement with clinical and literature data.
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