A survey is given on the applications of hydrodynamic model of nucleus-nucleus collisons, focusing especially on i) the resolution of hydrodynamic equations for arbitrary configurations, by using the smoothed-particle hydrodynamic approach; ii) effects of the event-by-event fluctuation of the initial conditions on the observables; iii) decoupling criteria; iv) analytical solutions; and others.
Elliptic flow at BNL RHIC is computed event by event with NeXSPheRIO. We show that when symmetry of the particle distribution in relation to the reaction plane is assumed, as usually done in the experimental extraction of elliptic flow, there is a disagreement between the true and reconstructed elliptic flows (15%-30% for eta=0, 30% for p perpendicular=0.5 GeV). We suggest a possible way to take into account the asymmetry and get good agreement between these elliptic flows.
Within the hydrodynamical approach, we study the Bose-Einstein correlation of identical pions by taking into account both event-by-event fluctuating initial conditions and continuous pion emission during the whole development of the hot and dense matter formed in high-energy collisions. Important deviations occur, compared to the usual hydrocalculations with smooth initial conditions and a sudden freeze-out on a well defined hypersurface. Comparison with data at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) shows that, despite the rather rough approximation we used here, this description can account for the m(T) dependence of R(L) and R(s), and produces a significant improvement for R(o) with respect to the usual version.
In this communication, we report results of three-dimensional hydrodynamic computations, by using equations of state with a critical end point as suggested by the lattice QCD. Some of the results are an increase of the multiplicity in the mid-rapidity region and a larger elliptic-flow parameter v 2 . We discuss also the effcts of the initial-condition fluctuations and the continuous emission.
We study, in a hydrodynamical approach, the energy dependence of the kaon mT spectra in central Pb+Pb (Au+Au) collisions. We show that the experimental data of the inverse slope parameter can be reproduced with a reasonable choice of both energy-dependent freeze-out temperature and initial conditions.
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