Визначено роль і значення землі у галузях національної економіки. Виділено її особливості як головного засобу виробництва у сільському господарстві. Запропоновано особливості землі як засобу виробництва розділити на дві групи: особливості, які відносяться до землі як до просторового базису (земельної ділянки) і особливості, які відно сяться до верхнього родючого шару (грунту). Найвагоміша особливість землі-її родючість, яка може змінюватись під впливом певних факторів як природного, так і антропогенного характеру та бути природною, штучною, економ ічною. Обгрунтовано, що найважливіший напрямок у вирішенні завдання сталого розвитку сільського господарствазабезпечення простого і розширеного відтворення родючості грунтів. Всі фактори підвищення економічної родю чості запропоновано об'єднати в такі групи: біологічні, технологічні, технічні, організаційно економічні, соціально економічні. Дія зазначених факторів обумовлена і безпосередньо пов'язана з кількістю і якістю живої і уречевленої праці, втіленої в засобах виробництва. Кожна група чинників підвищення економічної родючості включає в себе си стему заходів, що забезпечують вдосконалення методів обробітки грунту і впливу на рослини і засоби виробництва. It is established that the land is the basis of existence of human society and an important factor in primary production and grown on her farm produce-the material basis of society. The role and significance of land in the sectors of the national economy are determined. Its features as the main means of production in agriculture are highlighted. It is proposed to divide the features of land as a means of production into two groups: features that relate to land as a spatial basis (land) and features that relate to the upper fertile layer (soil). Generally speaking, the most important feature that the land-its fertility that can vary under the influence of certain factors, both natural and man made, and to be natural, synthetic, economical. Natural is fertility created by nature itself as a result of the natural process of soil formation. Artificial fertility of the man who cultivate land that is cultivated, harrowed it brings mineral and organic fertilizer, apply high yielding varieties of plants. Symbiosis of natural and artificial fertility creates a third of its kind-economic productivity. Proved that the most important trend in the objective of sustainable development of agriculture-ensuring simple and expanded reproduction of soil fertility. Simple and expanded reproduction of soil fertility characterize the type of sustainable economic development. Elimination of the negative phenomena which have arisen because of use of the earth, return of soil fertility to an initial condition means simple reproduction of fertility. Simple reproduction is understood as a set of natural processes or a system of measures to maintain effective fertility at a level approaching the potential. All factors increasing fertility proposed economic grouped into the following groups: biological, technological, technical, organizational...
The article considers the institutionalization of land relations and the imperatives of efficient use of land and resource potential of agricultural enterprises of Ukraine. Within the institutionalization of land relations, the methodical approach to complex estimation of effective use of land and resource potential of agricultural enterprises is substantiated, by definition of an integral indicator of efficiency (quantitative and qualitative characteristics of involved resources, productivity and efficiency) of basic kinds of activity of economic entities on agricultural lands. Indicators of transparency in the assessment of land and resource potential and indicators of land policy according to the level of their use in agriculture are proposed. Comprehensive criteria for assessing the components of the efficiency of the use of land and resource potential of agricultural enterprises are presented. The amount of rent for land shares and the amount of fertilizer application per 1 ha of sown area of agricultural enterprises of Ukraine are analyzed. The productive capacity of natural and potential yields for grain and legumes (excluding corn for grain) in Ukraine has been determined. The normative monetary value of 1 ha of arable land in rural areas is calculated on average for one region of Ukraine, adjusted for the natural yield of cereals and legumes, without taking into account the application of fertilizers. The forecast level of technical, social and economic efficiency of the use of land and resource potential of agricultural enterprises is presented
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